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IL-1? Blockade Attenuates Thrombosis in a Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Dependent Breast Cancer Model.

ABSTRACT: Cancer patients are at increased risk of developing thrombosis, comorbidity that has been associated with increased neutrophil counts and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Interleukin-1? (IL-1?) modulates the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a cytokine that promotes cancer-associated neutrophilia and NET generation. Herein, we combined a murine breast cancer model with a flow-restriction thrombosis model to evaluate whether the IL-1? blockade could interfere with cancer-associated thrombosis. Mice bearing metastatic 4T1 tumors exhibited high neutrophil counts as well as elevated expression of G-CSF and IL-1? in their tumors. On the other hand, mice bearing non-metastatic 67NR tumors showed no elevation in neutrophil counts and displayed low expression levels of G-CSF and IL-1? in their tumors. 4T1 tumor-bearing mice but not 67NR tumor-bearing mice exhibited a NET-dependent prothrombotic state. Pharmacological blockade of IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) decreased the primary growth of 4T1 tumors and reduced the systemic levels of myeloperoxidase, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and G-CSF, without interfering with the neutrophil counts. Most remarkably, the blockade of IL-1R abolished the prothrombotic state observed in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Overall, our results demonstrate that IL-1? might be a feasible target to attenuate cancer-associated thrombosis, particularly in cancer types that rely on increased G-CSF production and involvement of NET formation.

SUBMITTER: Gomes T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6737452 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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IL-1β Blockade Attenuates Thrombosis in a Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Dependent Breast Cancer Model.

Gomes Tainá T Várady Carolina B S CBS Lourenço André L AL Mizurini Daniella M DM Rondon Araci M R AMR Leal Ana C AC Gonçalves Barbara S BS Bou-Habib Dumith Chequer DC Medei Emiliano E Monteiro Robson Q RQ

Frontiers in immunology 20190904

Cancer patients are at increased risk of developing thrombosis, comorbidity that has been associated with increased neutrophil counts and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) modulates the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a cytokine that promotes cancer-associated neutrophilia and NET generation. Herein, we combined a murine breast cancer model with a flow-restriction thrombosis model to evaluate whether the IL-1β blockade cou ...[more]

PMID: 31552036

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Project description:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Neutrophils and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) both contribute to sterile inflammatory injury during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), a well-known liver surgical stress. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been shown to drive neutrophil infiltration during inflammatory responses through its receptor ST2. We recently reported that infiltrating neutrophils form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which exacerbate sterile inflammatory injury in liver I/R. Here, we sought to determine the role of IL-33 in NET formation during liver sterile inflammation. METHODS:Evaluation of IL-33 forming NETs was investigated using a partial liver I/R model to generate sterile injury in healthy WT, IL-33 and ST2 knockouts. Serum levels of IL-33 and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complex were measured in both humans and mice after the first surgery. Liver damage was assessed. Mouse neutrophil depletion was performed by intraperitoneal injection of anti-Ly6G antibody before I/R. RESULTS:Patients undergoing liver resection showed a significant increase in serum IL-33 compared to healthy volunteers. This coincided with higher serum MPO-DNA complexes. NET formation was decreased in IL-33 and ST2 knockout mice compared with control mice, after liver I/R. IL-33 or ST2 deficiency protected livers from I/R injury, whereas rIL-33 administration during I/R exacerbated hepatotoxicity and systemic inflammation. In vitro, IL-33 is released from LSECs to promote NET formation. IL-33 deficient LSECs failed to induce NETs. ST2 deficient neutrophils limited their capacity to form NETs in vitro and adoptive transfer of ST2 knockout neutrophils to neutrophil-depleted WT mice significantly decreased NET formation. CONCLUSIONS:Data establish that IL-33, mainly released from LSECs, causes excessive sterile inflammation after hepatic I/R by inducing NET formation. Therapeutic targeting of IL-33/ST2 might extend novel strategies to minimize organ damage in various clinical settings associated with sterile inflammation. LAY SUMMARY:Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury results in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which contribute to organ damage in liver surgeries. Herein, we show that IL-33 is released from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to promote NET formation during liver I/R, which exacerbates inflammatory cascades and sterile inflammation.

Project description:Tonicity of saline (NaCl) is important in regulating cellular functions and homeostasis. Hypertonic saline is administered to treat many inflammatory diseases, including cystic fibrosis. Excess neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, or NETosis, is associated with many pathological conditions including chronic inflammation. Despite the known therapeutic benefits of hypertonic saline, its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the effects of hypertonic saline in modulating NETosis. For this purpose, we purified human neutrophils and induced NETosis using agonists such as diacylglycerol mimetic phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), Gram-negative bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS), calcium ionophores (A23187 and ionomycin from Streptomyces conglobatus), and bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus). We then analyzed neutrophils and NETs using Sytox green assay, immunostaining of NET components and apoptosis markers, confocal microscopy, and pH sensing reagents. This study found that hypertonic NaCl suppresses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH2 or NOX2)-dependent NETosis induced by agonists PMA, Escherichia coli LPS (0111:B4 and O128:B12), and P. aeruginosa. Hypertonic saline also suppresses LPS- and PMA- induced reactive oxygen species production. It was determined that supplementing H2O2 reverses the suppressive effect of hypertonic saline on NOX2-dependent NETosis. Many of the aforementioned suppressive effects were observed in the presence of equimolar concentrations of choline chloride and osmolytes (d-mannitol and d-sorbitol). This suggests that the mechanism by which hypertonic saline suppresses NOX2-dependent NETosis is via neutrophil dehydration. Hypertonic NaCl does not significantly alter the intracellular pH of neutrophils. We found that hypertonic NaCl induces apoptosis while suppressing NOX2-dependent NETosis. In contrast, hypertonic solutions do not suppress NOX2-independent NETosis. Although hypertonic saline partially suppresses ionomycin-induced NETosis, it enhances A23187-induced NETosis, and it does not alter S. aureus-induced NETosis. Overall, this study determined that hypertonic saline suppresses NOX2-dependent NETosis induced by several agonists; in contrast, it has variable effects on neutrophil death induced by NOX2-independent NETosis agonists. These findings are important in understanding the regulation of NETosis and apoptosis in neutrophils.

Dataset Information

IL-1? Blockade Attenuates Thrombosis in a Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Dependent Breast Cancer Model.

Publications

IL-1β Blockade Attenuates Thrombosis in a Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Dependent Breast Cancer Model.

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