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What Really Rigs Up RIG-I?

ABSTRACT: RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1) is an archetypal member of the cytoplasmic DEAD-box dsRNA helicase family (RIG-I-like receptors or RLRs), the members of which play essential roles in the innate immune response of the metazoan cell. RIG-I functions as a pattern recognition receptor that detects nonself RNA as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). However, the exact molecular nature of the viral RNAs that act as a RIG-I ligand has remained a mystery and a matter of debate. In this article, we offer a critical review of the actual viral RNAs that act as PAMPs to activate RIG-I, as seen from the perspective of a virologist, including a recent report that the viral Leader-read-through transcript is a novel and effective RIG-I ligand.

SUBMITTER: Barik S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6738806 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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What Really Rigs Up RIG-I?

Barik Sailen S

Journal of innate immunity 20160721 5

RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1) is an archetypal member of the cytoplasmic DEAD-box dsRNA helicase family (RIG-I-like receptors or RLRs), the members of which play essential roles in the innate immune response of the metazoan cell. RIG-I functions as a pattern recognition receptor that detects nonself RNA as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). However, the exact molecular nature of the viral RNAs that act as a RIG-I ligand has remained a mystery and a matter of debate. In this ...[more]

PMID: 27438016

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Project description:Background and purposeRecent concerns relating to tissue deposition of gadolinium are favoring the use of noncontrast MR imaging whenever possible. The purpose of this study was to assess the necessity of gadolinium contrast for follow-up MR imaging of untreated intracranial meningiomas.Materials and methodsOne-hundred twenty-two patients (35 men, 87 women) with meningiomas who underwent brain MR imaging between May 2007 and May 2019 in our institution were included in this retrospective cohort study. We analyzed 132 meningiomas: 73 non-skull base (55%) versus 59 skull base (45%), 93 symptomatic (70%) versus 39 asymptomatic (30%). Fifty-nine meningiomas underwent an operation: 54 World Health Organization grade I (92%) and 5 World Health Organization grade II (8%). All meningiomas were segmented on T1 3D-gadolinium and 2D-T2WI. Agreement between T1 3D-gadolinium and 2D-T2WI segmentations was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsThe mean time between MR images was 1485 days (range, 760-3810 days). There was excellent agreement between T1 3D-gadolinium and T2WI segmentations (P < .001): mean tumor volume (T1 3D-gadolinium: 9012.15 [SD, 19,223.03] mm3; T2WI: 8528.45 [SD, 18,368.18 ] mm3; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.996), surface area (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.989), surface/volume ratio (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.924), maximum 3D diameter (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.986), maximum 2D diameter in the axial (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.990), coronal (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.982), and sagittal planes (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.985), major axis length (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.989), minor axis length (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.992), and least axis length (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.988). Tumor growth also showed good agreement (P < .001), estimated as a mean of 461.87 [SD, 2704.1] mm3/year on T1 3D-gadolinium and 556.64 [SD, 2624.02 ] mm3/year on T2WI.ConclusionsOur results show excellent agreement between the size and growth of meningiomas derived from T1 3D-gadolinium and 2D-T2WI, suggesting that the use of noncontrast MR imaging may be appropriate for the follow-up of untreated meningiomas, which would be cost-effective and avert risks associated with contrast media.

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What Really Rigs Up RIG-I?

Publications

What Really Rigs Up RIG-I?

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