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Learning from Northern clingfish (Gobiesox maeandricus): bioinspired suction cups attach to rough surfaces.

ABSTRACT: While artificial suction cups only attach well to smooth surfaces, the Northern clingfish can attach to surfaces ranging from nanoscale smooth to rough stone. This ability is highly desirable for technical applications. The morphology of the fish's suction disc and its ability to attach to rough and slimy surfaces have been described before, and here we aim to close gaps in the biomechanical understanding, and transfer the biomechanical principles to technical suction cups. We demonstrate that the margin of the suction disc is the critical feature enabling attachment to rough surfaces. Second, friction measurements show that friction of the disc rim is increased on rough substrates and contributes to high tenacity. Increased friction causes a delay in failure of the suction cup and increases the attachment force. We were able to implement these concepts to develop the first suction cups bioinspired by Northern clingfish. These cups attach with tenacities up to 70 kPa on surfaces as rough as 270 µm grain size. The application of this technology is promising in fields such as surgery, industrial production processes and whale tagging. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems'.

SUBMITTER: Ditsche P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6745484 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Learning from Northern clingfish (Gobiesox maeandricus): bioinspired suction cups attach to rough surfaces.

Ditsche Petra P Summers Adam A

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 20190909 1784

While artificial suction cups only attach well to smooth surfaces, the Northern clingfish can attach to surfaces ranging from nanoscale smooth to rough stone. This ability is highly desirable for technical applications. The morphology of the fish's suction disc and its ability to attach to rough and slimy surfaces have been described before, and here we aim to close gaps in the biomechanical understanding, and transfer the biomechanical principles to technical suction cups. We demonstrate that t ...[more]

PMID: 31495305

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Project description:Suction cups (SCs) are used extensively by the industrial sector, particularly for a wide variety of automated material-handling applications. To enhance productivity and reduce maintenance costs, an online supervision system is essential to check the status of SCs. This paper thus proposes an innovative method for condition monitoring of SCs coated with printed electronics whose electrical resistance is supposed to be correlated with the mechanical strain. A simulation model is first examined to observe the deformation of SCs under vacuum compression, which is needed for the development of sensor coating thanks to the 3D printing process. The proposed design involves three circle-shaped sensors, two for the top and bottom bellows (whose mechanical strains are revealed to be the most significant), and one for the lip (small strain, but important stress that might provoke wear and tear in the long term). For the sake of simplicity, practical measurement is performed on 2D samples coated with two different conductive inks subjected to unidirectional tensile loading. Graphical representations together with analytical models of both linear and nonlinear piezoresistive responses allows for the characterization of the inks' behavior under several conditions of displacement and speed inputs. After a comparison of the two inks, the most appropriate is selected as a consequence of its excellent adhesion and stretchability, which are essential criteria to meet the target field. Room temperature extrusion-based 3D printing is then investigated using a motorized 3D Hyrel printer with a syringe-extrusion modular system. Design optimization is finally carried out to enhance the surface detection of sensitive elements while minimizing the effect of electrodes. Although several issues still need to be further considered to match specifications imposed by our industrial partner, the achievement of this work is meaningful and could pave the way for a new generation of SCs integrated with smart sensing devices. The 3D printing of conductive ink directly on the cup's curving surface is a true challenge, which has been demonstrated, for the first time, to be technically feasible throughout the additive manufacturing (AM) process.

Dataset Information

Learning from Northern clingfish (Gobiesox maeandricus): bioinspired suction cups attach to rough surfaces.

Publications

Learning from Northern clingfish (Gobiesox maeandricus): bioinspired suction cups attach to rough surfaces.

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