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The regulation of skeletal muscle fatigability and mitochondrial function by chronically elevated interleukin-6.

ABSTRACT: NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Interleukin-6 has been associated with muscle mass and metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions. A causal role for interleukin-6 in the induction of fatigue and disruption of mitochondrial function has not been determined. What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrate that chronically elevated interleukin-6 increased skeletal muscle fatigability and disrupted mitochondrial content and function independent of changes in fibre type and mass. ABSTRACT:Interleukin-6 (IL-6) can initiate intracellular signalling in skeletal muscle by binding to the IL-6-receptor and interacting with the transmembrane gp130 protein. Circulating IL-6 has established effects on skeletal muscle mass and metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the effects of circulating IL-6 on skeletal muscle function are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronically elevated systemic IL-6 was sufficient to disrupt skeletal muscle force, fatigue and mitochondrial function. Additionally, we examined the role of muscle gp130 signalling during overexpression of IL-6. Systemic IL-6 overexpression for 2 weeks was achieved by electroporation of an IL-6 overexpression plasmid or empty vector into the quadriceps of either C57BL/6 (WT) or skeletal muscle gp130 knockout (KO) male mice. Tibialis anterior muscle in situ functional properties and mitochondrial respiration were determined. Interleukin-6 accelerated in situ skeletal muscle fatigue in the WT, with a 18.5% reduction in force within 90 s of repeated submaximal contractions and a 7% reduction in maximal tetanic force after 5 min. There was no difference between fatigue in the KO and KO+IL-6. Interleukin-6 reduced WT muscle mitochondrial respiratory control ratio by 36% and cytochrome c oxidase activity by 42%. Interleukin-6 had no effect on either KO respiratory control ratio or cytochrome c oxidase activity. Interleukin-6 also had no effect on body weight, muscle mass or tetanic force in either genotype. These results provide evidence that 2 weeks of elevated systemic IL-6 is sufficient to increase skeletal muscle fatigability and decrease muscle mitochondrial content and function, and these effects require muscle gp130 signalling.

SUBMITTER: VanderVeen BN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6750733 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The regulation of skeletal muscle fatigability and mitochondrial function by chronically elevated interleukin-6.

VanderVeen Brandon N BN Fix Dennis K DK Montalvo Ryan N RN Counts Brittany R BR Smuder Ashley J AJ Murphy E Angela EA Koh Ho-Jin HJ Carson James A JA

Experimental physiology 20190115 3

<h4>New findings</h4>What is the central question of this study? Interleukin-6 has been associated with muscle mass and metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions. A causal role for interleukin-6 in the induction of fatigue and disruption of mitochondrial function has not been determined. What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrate that chronically elevated interleukin-6 increased skeletal muscle fatigability and disrupted mitochondrial content and function inde ...[more]

PMID: 30576589

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Project description:Molecular chaperones and cytosolic stress proteins are actively involved in the stabilization, import and refolding of precursor proteins into mitochondria. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between mitochondrial content under steady-state conditions, and during the induction of organelle biogenesis, with the expression of stress proteins and mitochondrial chaperonins. A comparison of steady-state levels of mitochondrial enzyme activity [cytochrome c oxidase (CYTOX)] with chaperonin levels [the heat-shock protein HSP60, the glucose-regulated protein GRP75 (mtHSP70)] in striated muscles possessing a wide range of oxidative capacities revealed a proportional expression between the two. This relationship was disrupted by chronic contractile activity brought about by 10 days of 10 Hz stimulation of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, which induced 2.4-fold increases in CYTOX activity, but 3.2- and 9.3-fold increases in HSP60 and GRP75 respectively. The inducible stress protein HSP70i was detected at low levels in control TA muscle, and was increased 9.6-fold by chronic contractile activity, to values comparable with those found in the unstressed soleus muscle. This increase occurred in the absence of changes in type I MHC levels, indicating independent regulation of these genes. Despite the increases in HSP60 and HSP70i proteins, contractile activity did not alter their respective mRNA levels, illustrating post-transcriptional mechanisms of gene regulation during contractile activity. In contrast, the mRNA levels encoding the co-chaperonin CPN10 were increased 3.3-fold by contractile activity. Thus, the expression of individual mitochondrial chaperonins is independently regulated and uncoordinated. The extent of the induction of these stress proteins and chaperonins by contractile activity exceeded that of membrane enzymes (e.g. CYTOX). It remains to be determined whether this marked induction of proteins comprising part of the protein import machinery is beneficial for the translocation of enzyme precursors into the mitochondria during conditions of accelerated biogenesis.

Dataset Information

The regulation of skeletal muscle fatigability and mitochondrial function by chronically elevated interleukin-6.

Publications

The regulation of skeletal muscle fatigability and mitochondrial function by chronically elevated interleukin-6.

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