Dataset Information

Association of Birth Weight With Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Observational studies have shown associations of birth weight with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and glycemic traits, but it remains unclear whether these associations represent causal associations.

Objective

To test the association of birth weight with T2D and glycemic traits using a mendelian randomization analysis.

Design, setting, and participants

This mendelian randomization study used a genetic risk score for birth weight that was constructed with 7 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The associations of this score with birth weight and T2D were tested in a mendelian randomization analysis using study-level data. The association of birth weight with T2D was tested using both study-level data (7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used as an instrumental variable) and summary-level data from the consortia (43 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used as an instrumental variable). Data from 180?056 participants from 49 studies were included.

Main outcomes and measures

Type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits.

Results

This mendelian randomization analysis included 49 studies with 41?155 patients with T2D and 80?008 control participants from study-level data and 34?840 patients with T2D and 114?981 control participants from summary-level data. Study-level data showed that a 1-SD decrease in birth weight due to the genetic risk score was associated with higher risk of T2D among all participants (odds ratio [OR], 2.10; 95% CI, 1.69-2.61; P?=?4.03?×?10-5), among European participants (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.42-2.71; P?=?.04), and among East Asian participants (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.18-1.62; P?=?.04). Similar results were observed from summary-level analyses. In addition, each 1-SD lower birth weight was associated with 0.189 SD higher fasting glucose concentration (??=?0.189; SE?=?0.060; P?=?.002), but not with fasting insulin, 2-hour glucose, or hemoglobin A1c concentration.

Conclusions and relevance

In this study, a genetic predisposition to lower birth weight was associated with increased risk of T2D and higher fasting glucose concentration, suggesting genetic effects on retarded fetal growth and increased diabetes risk that either are independent of each other or operate through alterations of integrated biological mechanisms.

SUBMITTER: BIRTH-GENE (BIG) Study Working Group

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6755534 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Association of Birth Weight With Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Huang Tao T Wang Tiange T Zheng Yan Y Ellervik Christina C Li Xiang X Gao Meng M Fang Zhe Z Chai Jin-Fang JF Ahluwalia Tarun Veer S TVS Wang Yujie Y Voortman Trudy T Noordam Raymond R Frazier-Wood Alexis A Scholz Markus M Sonestedt Emily E Akiyama Masato M Dorajoo Rajkumar R Zhou Ang A Kilpeläinen Tuomas O TO Kleber Marcus E ME Crozier Sarah R SR Godfrey Keith M KM Lemaitre Rozenn R Felix Janine F JF Shi Yuan Y Gupta Preeti P Khor Chiea-Chuen CC Lehtimäki Terho T Wang Carol A CA Tiesler Carla M T CMT Thiering Elisabeth E Standl Marie M Rzehak Peter P Marouli Eirini E He Meian M Lecoeur Cécile C Corella Dolores D Lai Chao-Qiang CQ Moreno Luis A LA Pitkänen Niina N Boreham Colin A CA Zhang Tao T Saw Seang Mei SM Ridker Paul M PM Graff Mariaelisa M van Rooij Frank J A FJA Uitterlinden Andre G AG Hofman Albert A van Heemst Diana D Rosendaal Frits R FR de Mutsert Renée R Burkhardt Ralph R Schulz Christina-Alexandra CA Ericson Ulrika U Kamatani Yoichiro Y Yuan Jian-Min JM Power Chris C Hansen Torben T Sørensen Thorkild I A TIA Tjønneland Anne A Overvad Kim K Delgado Graciela G Cooper Cyrus C Djousse Luc L Rivadeneira Fernando F Jameson Karen K Zhao Wanting W Liu Jianjun J Lee Nanette R NR Raitakari Olli O Kähönen Mika M Viikari Jorma J Grote Veit V Langhendries Jean-Paul JP Koletzko Berthold B Escribano Joaquin J Verduci Elvira E Dedoussis George G Yu Caizheng C Tham Yih Chung YC Lim Blanche B Lim Sing Hui SH Froguel Philippe P Balkau Beverley B Fink Nadia R NR Vinding Rebecca K RK Sevelsted Astrid A Bisgaard Hans H Coltell Oscar O Dallongeville Jean J Gottrand Frédéric F Pahkala Katja K Niinikoski Harri H Hyppönen Elina E Pedersen Oluf O März Winfried W Inskip Hazel H Jaddoe Vincent W V VWV Dennison Elaine E Wong Tien Yin TY Sabanayagam Charumathi C Tai E-Shyong ES Mohlke Karen L KL Mackey David A DA Gruszfeld Dariusz D Deloukas Panagiotis P Tucker Katherine L KL Fumeron Frédéric F Bønnelykke Klaus K Rossing Peter P Estruch Ramon R Ordovas Jose M JM Arnett Donna K DK Meirhaeghe Aline A Amouyel Philippe P Cheng Ching-Yu CY Sim Xueling X Teo Yik Ying YY van Dam Rob M RM Koh Woon-Puay WP Orho-Melander Marju M Loeffler Markus M Kubo Michiaki M Thiery Joachim J Mook-Kanamori Dennis O DO Mozaffarian Dariush D Psaty Bruce M BM Franco Oscar H OH Wu Tangchun T North Kari E KE Davey Smith George G Chavarro Jorge E JE Chasman Daniel I DI Qi Lu L

JAMA network open 20190904 9

<h4>Importance</h4>Observational studies have shown associations of birth weight with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and glycemic traits, but it remains unclear whether these associations represent causal associations.<h4>Objective</h4>To test the association of birth weight with T2D and glycemic traits using a mendelian randomization analysis.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This mendelian randomization study used a genetic risk score for birth weight that was constructed with 7 genome-wide sig ...[more]

PMID: 31539074

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Project description:ObjectiveWe employed Mendelian randomization to explore the effects of genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes (T2D), hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction on risk of stroke subtypes and related cerebrovascular phenotypes.MethodsWe selected instruments for genetic predisposition to T2D (74,124 cases, 824,006 controls), HbA1c levels (n = 421,923), fasting glucose levels (n = 133,010), insulin resistance (n = 108,557), and β-cell dysfunction (n = 16,378) based on published genome-wide association studies. Applying 2-sample Mendelian randomization, we examined associations with ischemic stroke (60,341 cases, 454,450 controls), intracerebral hemorrhage (1,545 cases, 1,481 controls), and ischemic stroke subtypes (large artery, cardioembolic, small vessel stroke), as well as with related phenotypes (carotid atherosclerosis, imaging markers of cerebral white matter integrity, and brain atrophy).ResultsGenetic predisposition to T2D and higher HbA1c levels were associated with higher risk of any ischemic stroke, large artery stroke, and small vessel stroke. Similar associations were also noted for carotid atherosclerotic plaque, fractional anisotropy, a white matter disease marker, and markers of brain atrophy. We further found associations of genetic predisposition to insulin resistance with large artery and small vessel stroke, whereas predisposition to β-cell dysfunction was associated with small vessel stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, lower gray matter volume, and total brain volume.ConclusionsThis study supports causal effects of T2D and hyperglycemia on large artery and small vessel stroke. We show associations of genetically predicted insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction with large artery and small vessel stroke that might have implications for antidiabetic treatments targeting these mechanisms.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that genetic predisposition to T2D and higher HbA1c levels are associated with a higher risk of large artery and small vessel ischemic stroke.

Project description:ObjectivesObservational studies suggest glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes are positively associated, and metformin inversely associated with breast and prostate cancer risk. However, observational studies are susceptible to unmeasured confounding while studies of metformin use are also vulnerable to immortal time bias. The use of Mendelian randomization may reduce confounding due to random allocation of relevant genetic markers at birth, and may reduce immortal time bias (for metformin-related variants analysis) since the start of exposure is at birth.Research design and methodsWe identified strong genetic predictors of fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and type 2 diabetes from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium and Diabetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis Consortium (n=140 595 for glucose; n=123 665 for HbA1c; n=898 130 for type 2 diabetes) and of AMPK-instrumented HbA1c reduction as a proxy of metformin and applied them to large genome-wide association studies of breast cancer (Breast Cancer Association Consortium; BCAC) and prostate cancer (Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations in the Genome; PRACTICAL). We used inverse variance weighting to obtain estimates. Sensitivity analyses included use of MR-Egger, weighted median, exclusion of pleiotropic instruments, and validation using UK Biobank (breast cancer only).ResultsThere was no association of fasting glucose (OR 1.03 per mmol/L, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.25), HbA1c (OR 1.02 per %, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.45), or type 2 diabetes (OR 0.98 per log odds, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.01) with breast cancer in BCAC, with similar findings from UK Biobank. There was no association of fasting glucose (OR 0.93 per mmol/L, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.17), HbA1c (OR 0.90 per %, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.40) or type 2 diabetes (OR 1.02 per log odds, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.07) with prostate cancer in PRACTICAL. No strong evidence was observed for AMPK-instrumented HbA1c reduction on cancer risk.ConclusionGlycemic traits and type 2 diabetes unlikely cause breast and prostate cancer. Whether metformin can be repurposed for cancer prevention remains unclear.

Project description:Background: The association between educational attainment (EA) and offspring birth weight (BW) has been reported by several traditional epidemiological studies. However, evidence for this association tends to be mixed and confounded. This study aimed to investigate the causal association between EA of parents and offspring BW. Methods: Here, we carried out a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal association between EA of males (n = 131,695) and females (n = 162,028) and offspring BW using genetic instruments. Summary statistics of EA associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted from a GWAS incorporating 293,723 individuals of European descent performed by the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC), and the effects of these SNPs on offspring BW were estimated using a GWAS meta-analysis of 86,577 participants of European descent from 25 studies. Univariable MR analyses were conducted using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method and four other methods. Further sensitivity analyses were carried out to test the viability of the results. Multivariable MR was used to examine the confounders between the exposure and outcome. Results: The result shows evidence that the offspring BW is positively causally affected by female EA. Each one standard deviation (SD) increase in female EA was associated with 0.24 SD higher of offspring BW (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10 to 0.37, p < 0.001 for the IVW method). Similarly, change in offspring BW was 0.21 SD (95% CI: 0.07 to 0.34, p = 2.82 × 10-3) per one SD higher in male EA. No causal effect of BW on EA was found by any of the five methods. The causal association between female EA and offspring BW maintained after adjusting for alcoholic drinks per week and BMI. The effect of male EA on offspring BW was attenuated when we adjusted for BMI and alcoholic drinks per week using multivariable MR analysis. Conclusion: Our study indicated that female EA is positively causally associated with offspring BW. The association between male EA and offspring BW may be confounded by alcoholic drinks per week and BMI.

Dataset Information

Association of Birth Weight With Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Importance

Objective

Design, setting, and participants

Main outcomes and measures

Results

Conclusions and relevance

Publications

Association of Birth Weight With Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

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