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Adjustment of a numerical model for pore pressure generation during an earthquake.

ABSTRACT: This article proposes methodology for evaluating the accuracy of the pore pressure generation model devised by Byrne, as implemented in a commercial software program using a Mohr-Coulomb-type failure criterion and a Finn constitutive model. The different empirical formulas of liquefaction developed by Seed and Idriss are reviewed, as well as various constitutive models specified in the literature, emphasizing the selection of the Finn model for the liquefaction study. In the analysis a comparison is carried out using the factors of safety against liquefaction (FSLs) devised by Seed and Idriss and the adapted formula by Boulanger and Idriss. The analysis assumes a hypothesis to verify whether a soil element is liquefied. The results are then compared with those of a numerical model that simulates a soil column, the base of which is subjected to the same seismic inputs of varying magnitudes, Mw, and peak ground accelerations, Pga, to which the empirical model was subjected. Adjusted equations are provided on the based on that comparison to allow for the calibration of the Byrne equation using the (N1)60 value obtained via a standard penetration test (SPT), for the study of liquefaction problems in situations in which there are earthquakes of varying magnitudes.

SUBMITTER: Garcia Diez JL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6762144 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Adjustment of a numerical model for pore pressure generation during an earthquake.

Garcia Diez Jose Luis JL Gonzalez Galindo Jesus J Soriano Peña Antonio A

PloS one 20190926 9

This article proposes methodology for evaluating the accuracy of the pore pressure generation model devised by Byrne, as implemented in a commercial software program using a Mohr-Coulomb-type failure criterion and a Finn constitutive model. The different empirical formulas of liquefaction developed by Seed and Idriss are reviewed, as well as various constitutive models specified in the literature, emphasizing the selection of the Finn model for the liquefaction study. In the analysis a compariso ...[more]

PMID: 31557203

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Project description:Cell Migration associated with cell shape changes are of central importance in many biological processes ranging from morphogenesis to metastatic cancer cells. Cell movement is a result of cyclic changes of cell morphology due to effective forces on cell body, leading to periodic fluctuations of the cell length and cell membrane area. It is well-known that the cell can be guided by different effective stimuli such as mechanotaxis, thermotaxis, chemotaxis and/or electrotaxis. Regulation of intracellular mechanics and cell's physical interaction with its substrate rely on control of cell shape during cell migration. In this notion, it is essential to understand how each natural or external stimulus may affect the cell behavior. Therefore, a three-dimensional (3D) computational model is here developed to analyze a free mode of cell shape changes during migration in a multi-signaling micro-environment. This model is based on previous models that are presented by the same authors to study cell migration with a constant spherical cell shape in a multi-signaling substrates and mechanotaxis effect on cell morphology. Using the finite element discrete methodology, the cell is represented by a group of finite elements. The cell motion is modeled by equilibrium of effective forces on cell body such as traction, protrusion, electrostatic and drag forces, where the cell traction force is a function of the cell internal deformations. To study cell behavior in the presence of different stimuli, the model has been employed in different numerical cases. Our findings, which are qualitatively consistent with well-known related experimental observations, indicate that adding a new stimulus to the cell substrate pushes the cell to migrate more directionally in more elongated form towards the more effective stimuli. For instance, the presence of thermotaxis, chemotaxis and electrotaxis can further move the cell centroid towards the corresponding stimulus, respectively, diminishing the mechanotaxis effect. Besides, the stronger stimulus imposes a greater cell elongation and more cell membrane area. The present model not only provides new insights into cell morphology in a multi-signaling micro-environment but also enables us to investigate in more precise way the cell migration in the presence of different stimuli.

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Adjustment of a numerical model for pore pressure generation during an earthquake.

Publications

Adjustment of a numerical model for pore pressure generation during an earthquake.

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