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Sex-Based Differences in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reservoir Activity and Residual Immune Activation.

ABSTRACT: Plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels in women are lower early in untreated HIV-1 infection compared with those in men, but women have higher T-cell activation and faster disease progression when adjusted for viral load. It is not known whether these sex differences persist during effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), or whether they would be relevant for the evaluation and implementation of HIV-1 cure strategies. We prospectively enrolled a cohort of reproductive-aged women and matched men on suppressive ART and measured markers of HIV-1 persistence, residual virus activity, and immune activation. The frequency of CD4+ T cells harboring HIV-1 DNA was comparable between the sexes, but there was higher cell-associated HIV-1 RNA, higher plasma HIV-1 (single copy assay), and higher T-cell activation and PD-1 expression in men compared with women. These sex-related differences in immune phenotype and HIV-1 persistence on ART have significant implications for the design and measurement of curative interventions.

SUBMITTER: Scully EP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6784502 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sex-Based Differences in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reservoir Activity and Residual Immune Activation.

Scully Eileen P EP Gandhi Monica M Johnston Rowena R Hoh Rebecca R Lockhart Ainsley A Dobrowolski Curtis C Pagliuzza Amélie A Milush Jeffrey M JM Baker Christopher A CA Girling Valerie V Ellefson Arlvin A Gorelick Robert R Lifson Jeffrey J Altfeld Marcus M Alter Galit G Cedars Marcelle M Solomon Ajantha A Lewin Sharon R SR Karn Jonathan J Chomont Nicolas N Bacchetti Peter P Deeks Steven G SG

The Journal of infectious diseases 20190301 7

Plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels in women are lower early in untreated HIV-1 infection compared with those in men, but women have higher T-cell activation and faster disease progression when adjusted for viral load. It is not known whether these sex differences persist during effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), or whether they would be relevant for the evaluation and implementation of HIV-1 cure strategies. We prospectively enrolled a cohort of reproductive-aged ...[more]

PMID: 30371873

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Dataset Information

Sex-Based Differences in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reservoir Activity and Residual Immune Activation.

Publications

Sex-Based Differences in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reservoir Activity and Residual Immune Activation.

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