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Type 1 IFN signaling critically regulates influenza-induced alloimmunization to transfused KEL RBCs in a murine model.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Only a fraction of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion recipients form alloantibodies, and variables determining responsiveness or nonresponsiveness are poorly understood. We and others have previously shown in animal models that pretreatment with toll-like receptor agonists that mimic different types of infections impacts the magnitude or frequency of RBC alloantibody responses. We hypothesized that influenza infection, coexistent with transfusion, would impact responses to transfused RBCs in a manner dependent on Type 1(?/?) interferon (IFN) signaling and tested this in a murine model. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Wild-type mice or mice lacking the ability to respond to Type 1 IFN were infected with influenza prior to the transfusion of transgenic murine RBCs (K1) expressing the human KEL glycoprotein or the triple fusion HOD protein. Alloantibody responses were measured longitudinally after transfusion by flow cytometric crossmatch, and posttransfusion RBC recovery and survival was evaluated. RESULTS:Influenza-infected mice transfused with K1 RBCs developed robust anti-KEL alloantibodies, whereas animals transfused in the absence of infection remained nonresponders; influenza-associated RBC alloimmunization was also observed after transfusion of HOD RBCs. Recipient Type 1 IFN production was critical to the mechanism of action of influenza-induced RBC alloimmunization, with alloimmunization being significantly decreased in mice unable to sense Type 1 IFN (through antibody blockade or genetic approaches). CONCLUSION:These and other data suggest that Type 1 IFN responses to toll-like receptor agonists or infections regulate RBC alloantibody responses. Studies investigating whether such a correlation exists in humans may be informative.

SUBMITTER: Liu D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6785373 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Type 1 IFN signaling critically regulates influenza-induced alloimmunization to transfused KEL RBCs in a murine model.

Liu Dong D Gibb David R DR Escamilla-Rivera Vicente V Liu Jingchun J Santhanakrishnan Manjula M Shi Zhimin Z Xu Lan L Eisenbarth Stephanie C SC Hendrickson Jeanne E JE

Transfusion 20190812 10

<h4>Background</h4>Only a fraction of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion recipients form alloantibodies, and variables determining responsiveness or nonresponsiveness are poorly understood. We and others have previously shown in animal models that pretreatment with toll-like receptor agonists that mimic different types of infections impacts the magnitude or frequency of RBC alloantibody responses. We hypothesized that influenza infection, coexistent with transfusion, would impact responses to tran ...[more]

PMID: 31403208

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Project description:Background: Each year, over 5 million red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are administered to patients in the USA. Despite the therapeutic benefits of RBC transfusions, there are associated risks. RBC-specific alloantibodies may form in response to antigenic differences between RBC donors and recipients; these alloantibodies can be a problem as they may mediate hemolysis or pose barriers to future transfusion support. While there is currently no reliable way to predict which RBC recipients will make an alloantibody response, risk factors such as inflammation have been shown to correlate with increased rates of RBC alloimmunization. The underlying mechanisms behind how inflammation mediates alloantibody production are incompletely defined. Methods: To assess erythrophagocytosis, mice were treated with PBS or inflammatory stimuli followed by a transfusion of allogeneic RBCs labeled with a lipophilic dye. At multiple time points, RBC consumption and expression of activation makers by leukocytes was evaluated. To determine which antigen presenting cell (APC) subset(s) were capable of promoting allogeneic T cell activation, sorted leukocyte populations (which had participated in erythrophagocytosis) were co-cultured in vitro with allogeneic CD4+ T cells; T cell proliferation and ability to form immunological synapses with APCs were determined. Results: Upon transfusion of fresh allogeneic RBCs, multiple APCs consumed transfused RBCs. However, only CD8+ and CD11b+ dendritic cells formed productive immunological synapses with allogeneic T cells and stimulated proliferation. Importantly, allogeneic T cell activation and RBC alloantibody production occurred in response to RBC transfusion alone, and transfusion in the context of inflammation enhanced RBC consumption, the number of immune synapses, allogeneic T cell proliferation, and the rate and magnitude of alloantibody production. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that regardless of the ability to participate in RBC consumption, only a subset of APCs are capable of forming an immune synapse with T cells thereby initiating an alloantibody response. Additionally, these data provide mechanistic insight into RBC alloantibody generation.

Project description:BackgroundThe replication cycle of most pathogens, including influenza viruses, is perfectly adapted to the metabolism and signal transduction pathways of host cells. After infection, influenza viruses activate several cellular signaling cascades that support their propagation but suppress those that interfere with viral replication. Accumulation of viral RNA plays thereby a central role. Its sensing by the pattern recognition receptors of the host cells leads to the activation of several signal transduction waves that result in induction of genes, responsible for the cellular innate immune response. Type I interferon (IFN) genes and interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) coding for antiviral-acting proteins, such as MxA, OAS-1 or PKR, are primary targets of these signaling cascades. ?- and ?-catenin are closely related armadillo repeat-containing proteins with dual roles. At the cell membrane they serve as adapter molecules linking cell-cell contacts to microfilaments. In the cytosol and nucleus, the proteins form a transcriptional complex with the lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor (LEF/TCF), regulating the transcription of many genes, thereby controlling different cellular functions such as cell cycle progression and differentiation.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrate that ?- and ?-catenin are important regulators of the innate cellular immune response to influenza A virus (IAV) infections. They inhibit viral replication in lung epithelial cells by enhancing the virus-dependent induction of the IFNB1 gene and interferon-stimulated genes. Simultaneously, the prolonged infection counteracts the antiviral effect of ?- and ?-catenin. Influenza viruses suppress ?-catenin-dependent transcription by misusing the RIG-I/NF-?B signaling cascade that is induced in the course of infection by viral RNA.ConclusionWe identified ?- and ?-catenin as novel antiviral-acting proteins. While these factors support the induction of common target genes of the cellular innate immune response, their functional activity is suppressed by pathogen evasion.

Dataset Information

Type 1 IFN signaling critically regulates influenza-induced alloimmunization to transfused KEL RBCs in a murine model.

Publications

Type 1 IFN signaling critically regulates influenza-induced alloimmunization to transfused KEL RBCs in a murine model.

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