Dataset Information

Urinary cadmium concentrations and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2014.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Low to moderate acute cadmium exposure has been associated with increased risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and kidney disease. Little is known about the association between urinary cadmium levels-an indicator of longer-term exposure-and metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS:We analysed data from 3982 participants aged 20-<80?years of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2014. Urinary cadmium levels were measured and adjusted for creatinine using spot urine samples. Cadmium levels were evaluated in quintiles (Q). MetS was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III report criteria. Prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression accounting for complex survey design, while adjusting for potential confounders and stratifying by sex and smoking status. RESULTS:In the overall study population, there was a marginal inverse association between urinary cadmium and MetS (adj. OR for Q5 versus Q1: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5-1.0). Sex stratified models were similar. When examining individual components of MetS, participants with higher levels of urinary cadmium had decreased odds of abdominal obesity (adj. OR for Q5 versus Q1 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.6), but increased odds for low HDL (adj. OR for Q5 versus Q1 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4-3.1). Among current smokers, higher urinary cadmium was associated with increased odds of MetS, hypertension, and low HDL even after accounting for serum cotinine-a marker of smoking intensity. CONCLUSIONS:Higher levels of urinary cadmium, a marker of long term exposure, were not associated with an increased risk of MetS in the overall study population. However, higher urine cadmium was associated with altered MetS components. Current smokers were the most vulnerable group, with higher long-term cadmium exposure being associated with increased risk of MetS, low HDL, and hypertension.

SUBMITTER: Noor N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6786759 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Urinary cadmium concentrations and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2014.

Noor Nudrat N Zong Geng G Seely Ellen W EW Weisskopf Marc M James-Todd Tamarra T

Environment international 20180920 Pt 1

<h4>Background</h4>Low to moderate acute cadmium exposure has been associated with increased risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and kidney disease. Little is known about the association between urinary cadmium levels-an indicator of longer-term exposure-and metabolic syndrome (MetS).<h4>Methods</h4>We analysed data from 3982 participants aged 20-<80 years of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2014. Urinary cadmium levels were measured and adjusted for creatin ...[more]

PMID: 30243183

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Project description:PurposeFor most people, the benefits of physical activity far outweigh the risks. Research has suggested that exercise preparticipation questionnaires might refer an unwarranted number of adults for medical evaluation before exercise initiation, creating a potential barrier to adoption. The new American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) prescreening algorithm relies on current exercise participation; history and symptoms of cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease; and desired exercise intensity to determine referral status. Our purpose was to compare the referral proportion of the ACSM algorithm to that of previous screening tools using a representative sample of U.S. adults.MethodsOn the basis of responses to health questionnaires from the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we calculated the proportion of adults 40 yr or older who would be referred for medical clearance before exercise participation based on the ACSM algorithm. Results were stratified by age and sex and compared with previous results for the ACSM/American Heart Association Preparticipation Questionnaire and the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire.ResultsOn the basis of the ACSM algorithm, 2.6% of adults would be referred only before beginning vigorous exercise and 54.2% of respondents would be referred before beginning any exercise. Men were more frequently referred before vigorous exercise, and women were more frequently referred before any exercise. Referral was more common with increasing age. The ACSM algorithm referred a smaller proportion of adults for preparticipation medical clearance than the previously examined questionnaires.ConclusionsAlthough additional validation is needed to determine whether the algorithm correctly identifies those at risk for cardiovascular complications, the revised ACSM algorithm referred fewer respondents than other screening tools. A lower referral proportion may mitigate an important barrier of medical clearance from exercise participation.

Project description:Background2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), and their precursors are widely used in industry and in consumer products. Urinary concentrations of these dichlorophenols (DCPs) have been measured as part of four National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles in order to assess the exposure to these compounds or their precursors among the general U.S. population.ObjectivesWe identified predictors and evaluated trends in DCP concentrations according to race/ethnicity, age, sex, family income, and housing type.MethodsWe used analysis of covariance to examine associations of various demographic parameters and survey cycle with urinary concentrations of DCPs during NHANES 2003-2010. We also conducted weighted logistic regressions to estimate associations of DCP concentrations above the 95th percentile with housing type, race/ethnicity, and income.ResultsWe detected DCPs in at least 81% of participants. Geometric mean (GM) urinary concentrations were higher for 2,5-DCP (6.1-12.9 ?g/L) than 2,4-DCP (0.8-1.0 ?g/L) throughout 2003-2010. Adjusted GM concentrations of the DCPs among children (6-11 years of age) and adults > 60 years of age were higher than among adolescents and other adults. Adjusted GM concentrations among non-Hispanic whites were lower than among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans, although differences according to race/ethnicity were less pronounced among participants in high-income households. Among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans, adjusted GM concentrations were lowest among high-income participants relative to other income groups, with a monotonic decrease with increasing income among Mexican Americans. Type of housing and race/ethnicity were significant predictors of DCP urinary concentrations above the 95th percentile. Furthermore, urinary DCP concentrations have showed a downward trend since 2003.ConclusionsExposure to DCPs and their precursors was prevalent in the general U.S. population in 2003-2010. We identified age and race/ethnicity, family income, and housing type as predictors of exposure to these compounds.

Dataset Information

Urinary cadmium concentrations and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2014.

Publications

Urinary cadmium concentrations and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2014.

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