Dataset Information

Intentional Weight Loss and Obesity-Related Cancer Risk.

ABSTRACT: Background:Epidemiologic studies regarding weight loss and subsequent cancer risk are sparse. The study aim was to evaluate the association between weight change by intentionality and obesity-related cancer incidence in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Eleven cancers were considered obesity related: breast, ovary, endometrium, colon and rectum, esophagus, kidney, liver, multiple myeloma, pancreas, stomach, and thyroid. Methods:Postmenopausal women (n?=?58 667) aged 50-79?years had body weight and waist circumference (WC) measured at baseline and year 3. Weight or WC change was categorized as stable (change < ±5%), loss (?5%), and gain (?5%). Self-report at year 3 characterized weight loss as intentional or unintentional. During the subsequent 12?years (mean) of follow-up, 6033 incident obesity-related cancers were identified. Relationships were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results:Compared to women with stable weight, women with intentional weight loss had lower obesity-related cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR]?=?0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80 to 0.98). A similar result was observed for intentional WC reduction (HR?=?0.88, 95% CI = 0.80 to 0.96). Among all cancers, intentional weight loss was most strongly associated with endometrial cancer (HR?=?0.61, 95% CI = 0.42 to 0.88). Intentional WC loss was also associated with lower colorectal cancer risk (HR?=?0.79, 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.99). Unintentional weight loss or weight gain was not associated with overall obesity-related cancer risk. Conclusion:Intentional weight or WC loss in postmenopausal women was associated with lower risk of obesity-related cancer. These findings suggest that postmenopausal women who intentionally lose weight can reduce their obesity-related cancer risk.

SUBMITTER: Luo J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6795232 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Intentional Weight Loss and Obesity-Related Cancer Risk.

Luo Juhua J Hendryx Michael M Manson JoAnn E JE Figueiredo Jane C JC LeBlanc Erin S ES Barrington Wendy W Rohan Thomas E TE Howard Barbara V BV Reding Kerryn K Ho Gloria Yf GY Garcia David O DO Chlebowski Rowan T RT

JNCI cancer spectrum 20190809 4

<h4>Background</h4>Epidemiologic studies regarding weight loss and subsequent cancer risk are sparse. The study aim was to evaluate the association between weight change by intentionality and obesity-related cancer incidence in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Eleven cancers were considered obesity related: breast, ovary, endometrium, colon and rectum, esophagus, kidney, liver, multiple myeloma, pancreas, stomach, and thyroid.<h4>Methods</h4>Postmenopausal women (n = 58 667) ag ...[more]

PMID: 31737862

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Project description:Obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have emerged as major public health problems. We aimed to examine: (a) lifestyle and behavioral factors, (b) factors related to pursuing weight loss and (c) weight loss modalities pursued by CKD and non-CKD individuals who are overweight and obese.Cross-sectional analysis of 10,971 overweight and obese adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted between 1999 and 2006. We examined the differences in lifestyle and behavioral factors between CKD and non-CKD participants and factors associated with pursuing weight loss using survey regression models.The total daily energy intake of the CKD population was lower than the non-CKD group (1987 kcal per day versus 2063 kcal per day, P=0.02) even after adjusting for relevant covariates. However, the percentage of energy derived from protein was similar between the groups. Sixty six percent of the CKD population did not meet the minimum recommended leisure time physical activity goals compared with 57% among non-CKD (P<0.001). Fifty percent of CKD participants pursued weight loss (vs fifty-five percent of non-CKD individuals, P=0.01), but the presence of CKD was not independently associated with the pursuit of weight loss in the multivariate model. Among participants pursuing weight loss, modalities including dietary interventions utilized by CKD and non-CKD participants were similar. Eight percent of CKD participants used medications to promote weight loss.Among the overweight and obese population, lifestyle and behavioral factors related to obesity and weight loss are similar between CKD and non-CKD participants. Insufficient data exist on the beneficial effects of intentional weight loss in CKD and these data show that a significant proportion of the CKD population use diets that may have high-protein content and medications to promote weight loss that may be harmful. Future clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and optimal modalities to treat obesity in the CKD population are warranted.

Project description:Background:Knowledge about non-surgical weight loss (WL) is scarce among people with severe obesity (SO). Lifestyle changes are primarily self-driven, occasionally accompanied by professional guidance and weight-management support. Weight regain and intervention discontinuation are common challenges among guidance and support programmes. In the current study, we describe a model of meaningful strategies for maintaining WL after SO based on the experiences of successful cases. Methods:Aiming to investigate the experiences of WL and weight loss maintenance (WLM) (?5 years) following SO, we designed a qualitative study. Ten adults of Norwegian ethnicity, eight women and two men aged from 27 to 59, participated in individual in-depth interviews. We recruited participants living in rural districts and cities across all four regions of Norway. The interviews concentrated on participants' experiences of losing weight and maintaining a lower weight over the long term. The transcripts were analysed with a rigorous method for thematic cross-case analysis, namely, systematic text condensation (STC). Results:Participants identified four experiential themes at the core of long-term WLM: (a) Owning the decision, (b) Creating self-reinforcement, (c) Sustaining a lifestyle-forming identity, and (d) Selecting support appropriate to one's own situation. These core themes represent the intentional level, functioning both as the foundation of and the momentum for sustaining WL. On the behavioural level, participants continued to take action for change, obtain results, record and reflect on their efforts and milestones, observe what worked and felt good, and receive recognition from others, thereby realising changes. Conclusion:Based on these results, we propose a model of WLM after SO, suggesting that practices toward WLM on the behavioural level achieve meaning and sustainability through their relationship with a core intentional level found across participants' experiences. One implication is that the relationship between the intentional and behavioural levels might be more meaningful when discussing long-term WLM than the behaviours themselves.

Project description:ImportanceOverweight and obesity, conditions with rising prevalence in many countries, are associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, many patients with CRC lose weight before diagnosis, which may lead the association to be underestimated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) and weight change with CRC risk when considering BMI at different time frames, with the intention to account for prediagnostic weight loss.Design, setting, and participantsThis population-based case-control study was conducted in southwestern Germany between 2003 and 2021. Cases with a first diagnosis of CRC and controls (frequency matched by age, sex, and county) with comprehensive risk factor information and self-reported weight at different time points were included. Data were analyzed between October 2022 and March 2023.ExposureBMI and weight change at different time frames before the time of diagnosis (cases) or recruitment (controls).Main outcomes and measuresAssociation of BMI and weight change at various points in time before and up to diagnosis with CRC, assessed by multivariable logistic regression with comprehensive confounder adjustment.ResultsA total of 11 887 participants (6434 CRC cases, 5453 controls; median [IQR] age, 69 [61-77] years; 7173 male [60.3%]) were included. At the time of diagnosis, 3998 cases (62.1%) and 3601 controls (66.0%) were overweight or obese, suggesting an inverse association between excess weight and CRC risk. Conversely, we found significant positive associations of overweight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.56), obesity (aOR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.61-2.70), and a 5-unit increase in BMI (aOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.21-1.50) with CRC risk when using BMI measured 8 to 10 years before diagnosis. High BMI as a risk factor for CRC was increased as earlier periods before diagnosis were examined, with the association being particularly pronounced using BMI at least 8 years before diagnosis. An opposite trend was found for the association of weight loss (at or exceeding 2 kg) with CRC, with the greatest effect sizes occurring for weight loss within 2 years before diagnosis (aOR, 7.52; 95% CI, 5.61-10.09), and gradually decreased for earlier intervals.Conclusions and relevanceIn this population-based case-control study, accounting for substantial prediagnostic weight loss further highlighted the association of overweight and obesity with CRC risk.

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Intentional Weight Loss and Obesity-Related Cancer Risk.

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Intentional Weight Loss and Obesity-Related Cancer Risk.

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