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Dynamics of wrinkling in ultrathin elastic sheets.

ABSTRACT: The wrinkling of thin elastic objects provides a means of generating regular patterning at small scales in applications ranging from photovoltaics to microfluidic devices. Static wrinkle patterns are known to be governed by an energetic balance between the object's bending stiffness and an effective substrate stiffness, which may originate from a true substrate stiffness or from tension and curvature along the wrinkles. Here, we investigate dynamic wrinkling induced by the impact of a solid sphere onto an ultrathin polymer sheet floating on water. The vertical deflection of the sheet's center induced by impact draws material radially inward, resulting in an azimuthal compression that is relieved by the wrinkling of the entire sheet. We show that this wrinkling is truly dynamic, exhibiting features that are qualitatively different to those seen in quasistatic wrinkling experiments. Moreover, we show that the wrinkles coarsen dynamically because of the inhibiting effect of the fluid inertia. This dynamic coarsening can be understood heuristically as the result of a dynamic stiffness, which dominates the static stiffnesses reported thus far, and allows control of wrinkle wavelength.

SUBMITTER: Box F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6800320 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dynamics of wrinkling in ultrathin elastic sheets.

Box Finn F O'Kiely Doireann D Kodio Ousmane O Inizan Maxime M Castrejón-Pita Alfonso A AA Vella Dominic D

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20190930 42

The wrinkling of thin elastic objects provides a means of generating regular patterning at small scales in applications ranging from photovoltaics to microfluidic devices. Static wrinkle patterns are known to be governed by an energetic balance between the object's bending stiffness and an effective substrate stiffness, which may originate from a true substrate stiffness or from tension and curvature along the wrinkles. Here, we investigate dynamic wrinkling induced by the impact of a solid sphe ...[more]

PMID: 31570627

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Project description:Micro-/nanomechanical resonators are often used in material science to measure the elastic properties of ultrathin films or mass spectrometry to estimate the mass of various chemical and biological molecules. Measurements with these sensors utilize changes in the resonant frequency of the resonator exposed to an investigated quantity. Their sensitivities are, therefore, determined by the resonant frequency. The higher resonant frequency and, correspondingly, higher quality factor (Q-factor) yield higher sensitivity. In solution, the resonant frequency (Q-factor) decreases causing a significant lowering of the achievable sensitivity. Hence, the nanomechanical resonator-based sensors mainly operate in a vacuum. Identification by nanomechanical resonator also requires an additional reference measurement on the identical unloaded resonator making experiments, due to limiting achievable accuracies in current nanofabrication processes, yet challenging. In addition, the mass spectrometry by nanomechanical resonator can be routinely performed for light analytes (i.e., analyte is modelled as a point particle). For heavy analytes such as bacteria clumps neglecting their stiffness result in a significant underestimation of determined mass values. In this work, we demonstrate the extraordinary capability of hybrid shape memory alloy (SMA)-based nanomechanical resonators to i) notably tune the resonant frequencies and improve Q-factor of the resonator immersed in fluid, ii) determine the Young's (shear) modulus of prepared ultrathin film only from frequency response of the resonator with sputtered film, and iii) perform heavy analyte mass spectrometry by monitoring shift in frequency of just a single vibrational mode. The procedures required to estimate the Young's (shear) modulus of ultrathin film and the heavy analyte mass from observed changes in the resonant frequency caused by a phase transformation in SMA are developed and, afterward, validated using numerical simulations. The present results demonstrate the outstanding potential and capability of high frequency operating hybrid SMA-based nanomechanical resonators in sensing applications that can be rarely achieved by current nanomechanical resonator-based sensors.

Dataset Information

Dynamics of wrinkling in ultrathin elastic sheets.

Publications

Dynamics of wrinkling in ultrathin elastic sheets.

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