Dataset Information

Incidence and etiology of infectious diarrhea from a facility-based surveillance system in Guatemala, 2008-2012.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, yet incidence and etiology data are limited. We conducted laboratory-based diarrhea surveillance in Guatemala.

Methods

A diarrhea case was defined as ?3 loose stools in a 24-h period in a person presenting to the surveillance facilities. Epidemiologic data and stool specimens were collected. Specimens were tested for bacterial, parasitic, and viral pathogens. Yearly incidence was adjusted for healthcare seeking behaviors determined from a household survey conducted in the surveillance catchment area.

Results

From November 2008 to December 2012, the surveillance system captured 5331 diarrhea cases; among these 1381 (26%) had specimens tested for all enteric pathogens of interest. The adjusted incidence averaged 659 diarrhea cases per 10,000 persons per year, and was highest among children aged ConclusionsThere was a substantial burden of viral and bacterial diarrheal diseases in Guatemala, highlighting the importance of strengthening laboratory capacity for rapid detection and control and for evaluation of public health interventions.

SUBMITTER: Arvelo W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6805345 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Incidence and etiology of infectious diarrhea from a facility-based surveillance system in Guatemala, 2008-2012.

Arvelo Wences W Hall Aron J AJ Henao Olga O Lopez Beatriz B Bernart Chris C Moir Juan C JC Reyes Lissette L Montgomery Susan P SP Morgan Oliver O Estevez Alejandra A Parsons Michele B MB Lopez Maria R MR Gomez Gerry G Vinje Jan J Gregoricus Nicole N Parashar Umesh U Mintz Eric D ED McCracken John J Bryan Joe P JP Lindblade Kim A KA

BMC public health 20191022 1

<h4>Background</h4>Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, yet incidence and etiology data are limited. We conducted laboratory-based diarrhea surveillance in Guatemala.<h4>Methods</h4>A diarrhea case was defined as ≥3 loose stools in a 24-h period in a person presenting to the surveillance facilities. Epidemiologic data and stool specimens were collected. Specimens were tested for bacterial, parasitic, and viral pathogens. Yearly incidence was adjusted for healthcare seeking behav ...[more]

PMID: 31640646

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Influenza is a major cause of respiratory illness resulting in 3-5 million severe cases and 291,243-645,832 deaths annually. Substantial health and financial burden may be averted by annual influenza vaccine application, especially for high risk groups. METHODS:We used an active facility-based surveillance platform for acute respiratory diseases in three hospitals in Guatemala, Central America, to estimate the incidence of laboratory-confirmed hospitalized influenza cases and identify risk factors associated with severe disease (defined as admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) or death). We enrolled patients presenting with signs and symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and obtained naso- and oropharyngeal samples for real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We used multivariable logistic regression to identify risk factors for ICU admission or death, adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS:From May 2008 to July 2012, among 6326 hospitalized ARI cases, 446 (7%) were positive for influenza: of those, 362 (81%) had influenza A and 84 (18%) had influenza B. Fifty nine percent of patients were aged ??5?years, and 10% were aged ??65?years. The median length of hospitalization was 5?days (interquartile range: 5). Eighty of 446 (18%) were admitted to the ICU and 28 (6%) died. Among the 28 deaths, 7% were aged ??6?months, 39% 7-60?months, 21% 5-50?years, and 32% ??50?years. Children aged ??6?months comprised 19% of cases and 22% of ICU admissions. Women of child-bearing age comprised 6% of cases (2 admitted to ICU; 1 death). In multivariable analyses, Santa Rosa site (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]?=?10, 95% confidence interval [CI]?=?2-50), indigenous ethnicity (aOR?=?4, 95% CI?=?2-13, and radiologically-confirmed pneumonia (aOR?=?5, 95% CI?=?3-11) were independently associated with severe disease. Adjusted for hospital utilization rate, annual incidence of hospitalized laboratory-confirmed influenza was 24/100,000 overall, 93/100,000 for children aged <?5?years and 50/100,000 for those ??65?years. CONCLUSIONS:Influenza is a major contributor of hospitalization and death due to respiratory diseases in Guatemala. Further application of proven influenza prevention and treatment strategies is warranted.

Dataset Information

Incidence and etiology of infectious diarrhea from a facility-based surveillance system in Guatemala, 2008-2012.

Background

Methods

Results

Publications

Incidence and etiology of infectious diarrhea from a facility-based surveillance system in Guatemala, 2008-2012.

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