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Dietary tryptophan links encephalogenicity of autoreactive T cells with gut microbial ecology.

ABSTRACT: The interaction between the mammalian host and its resident gut microbiota is known to license adaptive immune responses. Nutritional constituents strongly influence composition and functional properties of the intestinal microbial communities. Here, we report that omission of a single essential amino acid - tryptophan - from the diet abrogates CNS autoimmunity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Dietary tryptophan restriction results in impaired encephalitogenic T cell responses and is accompanied by a mild intestinal inflammatory response and a profound phenotypic shift of gut microbiota. Protective effects of dietary tryptophan restriction are abrogated in germ-free mice, but are independent of canonical host sensors of intracellular tryptophan metabolites. We conclude that dietary tryptophan restriction alters metabolic properties of gut microbiota, which in turn have an impact on encephalitogenic T cell responses. This link between gut microbiota, dietary tryptophan and adaptive immunity may help to develop therapeutic strategies for protection from autoimmune neuroinflammation.

SUBMITTER: Sonner JK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6814758 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary tryptophan links encephalogenicity of autoreactive T cells with gut microbial ecology.

Sonner Jana K JK Keil Melanie M Falk-Paulsen Maren M Mishra Neha N Rehman Ateequr A Kramer Magdalena M Deumelandt Katrin K Röwe Julian J Sanghvi Khwab K Wolf Lara L von Landenberg Anna A Wolff Hendrik H Bharti Richa R Oezen Iris I Lanz Tobias V TV Wanke Florian F Tang Yilang Y Brandao Ines I Mohapatra Soumya R SR Epping Lisa L Grill Alexandra A Röth Ralph R Niesler Beate B Meuth Sven G SG Opitz Christiane A CA Okun Jürgen G JG Reinhardt Christoph C Kurschus Florian C FC Wick Wolfgang W Bode Helge B HB Rosenstiel Philip P Platten Michael M

Nature communications 20191025 1

The interaction between the mammalian host and its resident gut microbiota is known to license adaptive immune responses. Nutritional constituents strongly influence composition and functional properties of the intestinal microbial communities. Here, we report that omission of a single essential amino acid - tryptophan - from the diet abrogates CNS autoimmunity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Dietary tryptophan restriction results in impaired encephalitogenic T cell responses and is acco ...[more]

PMID: 31653831

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Project description:BackgroundPakistan is a multi-ethnic society where there is a disparity between dietary habits, genetic composition, and environmental exposures. The microbial ecology of healthy Pakistani gut in the context of anthropometric, sociodemographic, and dietary patterns holds interest by virtue of it being one of the most populous countries, and also being a Lower Middle Income Country (LMIC).Methods16S rRNA profiling of healthy gut microbiome of normo-weight healthy Pakistani individuals from different regions of residence is performed with additional meta-data collected through filled questionnaires. The current health status is then linked to dietary patterns through [Formula: see text] test of independence and Generalized Linear Latent Variable Model (GLLVM) where distribution of individual microbes is regressed against all recorded sources of variability. To identify the core microbiome signature, a dynamic approach is used that considers into account species occupancy as well as consistency across assumed grouping of samples including organization by gender and province of residence. Fitting neutral modeling then revealed core microbiome that is selected by the environment.ResultsA strong determinant of disparity is by province of residence. It is also established that the male microbiome is better adapted to the local niche than the female microbiome, and that there is microbial taxonomic and functional diversity in different ethnicities, dietary patterns and lifestyle habits. Some microbial genera, such as, Megamonas, Porphyromonas, Haemophilus, Klebsiella and Finegoldia showed significant associations with consumption of pickle, fresh fruits, rice, and cheese. Our analyses suggest current health status being associated with the diet, sleeping patterns, employment status, and the medical history.ConclusionsThis study provides a snapshot of the healthy core Pakistani gut microbiome by focusing on the most populous provinces and ethnic groups residing in predominantly urban areas. The study serves a reference dataset for exploring variations in disease status and designing personalized dietary and lifestyle interventions to promote gut health, particularly in LMICs settings.

Dataset Information

Dietary tryptophan links encephalogenicity of autoreactive T cells with gut microbial ecology.

Publications

Dietary tryptophan links encephalogenicity of autoreactive T cells with gut microbial ecology.

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