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Period-3 dominant phase synchronisation of Zelkova serrata: border-collision bifurcation observed in a plant population.

ABSTRACT: The population synchrony of tree seed production has attracted widespread attention in agriculture, forestry and ecosystem management. Oaks usually show synchronisation of irregular or intermittent sequences of acorn production, which is termed 'masting'. Tree crops such as citrus and pistachio show a clear two-year cycle (period-2) termed 'alternate bearing'. We identified period-3 dominant phase synchronisation in a population of Zelkova serrata. As 'period-3' is known to provide evidence to imply chaos in nonlinear science, the observed period-3 phase synchronisation of Zelkova serrata is an attractive real-world phenomenon that warrants investigation in terms of nonlinear dynamics. Using the Hilbert transform, we proposed a procedure to determine the fractions of periods underlying the survey data and distinguished the on-year (high yield year) and the off-year (low yield year) of the masting. We quantified the effects of pollen coupling, common environmental noise and individual variability on the phase synchronisation and demonstrated how the period-3 synchronisation emerges through a border-collision bifurcation process. In this paper, we propose a model that can describe diverse behaviours of seed production observed in many different tree species by changing its parameters.

SUBMITTER: Sakai K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6821922 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Period-doubling bifurcation to alternans in paced cardiac tissue: crossover from smooth to border-collision characteristics.

Project description:We investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, the period-doubling bifurcation to alternans in heart tissue. Previously, this phenomenon has been modeled with either smooth or border-collision dynamics. Using a modification of existing experimental techniques, we find a hybrid behavior: Very close to the bifurcation point, the dynamics is smooth, whereas further away it is border-collision-like. The essence of this behavior is captured by a model that exhibits what we call an unfolded border-collision bifurcation. This new model elucidates that, in an experiment, where only a limited number of data points can be measured, the smooth behavior of the bifurcation can easily be missed.

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Ecological properties of shoot- and single seeds in a hardwood, <i>Zelkova serrata</i>.

Project description:The data presented in this paper is supporting the research article　"Variable seed behavior increases recruitment success of a hardwood tree, Zelkova serrata, in spatially heterogeneous forest environments" (Oyama et al., 2018) [1]. We provided the data of several ecological properties of the two types of the seeds (i.e. shoot seeds vs. single seeds) with distinctly different dispersal behaviors. We provide data of terminal velocity, which was measured by releasing 50 replicates of each seed type from a height of 5.0 m in dead air space in a gymnasium. We also show the data of germination cue [i.e. red:far-red (R:FR) ratios], which was examined in plant growth chambers that received three distinct R:FR ratios (0.1, 0.4, and 1.0; 16 h photoperiod) or no illumination. Further, we show the data of the rates of multi-locus outcrossing rates and biparental inbreeding in each of single- and shoot seeds. The mating system parameters were estimated by assaying a total of 80 shoot seeds and 70 single seeds that were randomly collected from Parent 1 and Parent 2 for five microsatellite loci. Finally, we show the data of hemispherical canopy photographs, which were taken at different distance from the adults using a digital camera equipped with a fisheye lens.

| S-EPMC5998749 | biostudies-literature

The complete chloroplast genome of <i>Zelkova serrata</i> and its phylogenetic position within Ulmaceae.

Project description:The complete chloroplast genome sequence of the Tertiary relict tree Zelkova serrata was reported in this study. The chloroplast genome is 158,875 bp in length with a typical angiosperm quantitative structure consisting of a large single copy (87,412 bp) and a small single copy (18,683 bp) separated by a pair of inverted repeat (26,390 bp). Genome annotation revealed a total of 129 genes comprising 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenomic analysis based on the whole plastomes indicated that Z. serrata and Z. schneideriana formed a well-supported monophyletic clade sister to genus Ulmus in Ulmaceae.

| S-EPMC7510571 | biostudies-literature

Selective apoptotic effect of Zelkova serrata twig extract on mouth epidermoid carcinoma through p53 activation.

Project description:Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays an essential role in chemotherapy-induced tumor cell killing, and inducers of apoptosis are commonly used in cancer therapy. Treatment with Zelkova serrata extracts was performed in human gingival fibroblast (HGF), mouth epidermoid carcinoma cell (KB), lower gingival squamous cancer cell (YD38) and tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells (YD15). We observed that extract prepared from Zelkova serrata twig selectively inhibited proliferation of various oral cancer cells, but not normal gingival fibroblasts, in a dose-dependent manner. Caspase-8-mediated apoptosis was induced by treatment with the extract only in mouth epidermoid carcinoma and not in other types of cancer cells, including lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma. The selective apoptotic effect of Zelkova serrata twig extract in mouth epidermoid carcinoma was dependent on normal p53 status. Apoptosis was not remarkably induced by treatment with the extract in either lower gingival squamous or tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells, both of which contain abnormalities of p53. Upon treatment with Zelkova serrata twig extract, mouth epidermoid carcinoma cells accumulated in S phase by activation of p21. These data indicate that Zelkova serrata twig extract exerted a cancer type-specific, p53-dependent apoptotic effect and disturbed the cell cycle, which suggests that herbal medicine could be a treatment for specific types of cancers.

| S-EPMC3412668 | biostudies-other

Effects of wood ash and N fertilization on soil chemical properties and growth of Zelkova serrata across soil types.

Project description:Wood ash generated as a by-product of biomass combustion can be a sustainable and reasonable approach to counteract acidification and correct nutrient deficiency in forest soils. We investigated the influence of wood ash (WA) and combined WA + N (nitrogen) on soil chemical properties, growth and foliar nutrients of Zelkova serrata and their potential as a soil amender across different soil types. We applied four levels of WA (0, 5, 10, and 20 Mg ha-1) and two levels of N fertilizer (0 and 150 kg ha-1) across three different soil types: landfill saline (LS) soil, forest infertile (FI) soil, and forest acidic (FA) soil. The WA generally improved soil pH, organic matter, available P, exchangeable cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), and EC of the three soils, but its ameliorating and neutralizing effects were predominant in FA soil. N fertilizer was more effective in improving plant growth, especially for biomass production in LS and FI soils. WA application significantly increased biomass production when it was applied over 5 Mg ha-1 in FA soil, but higher dose rate of WA (i.e. 20 Mg ha-1) seems to pose negative effects. Foliar P, K, and Ca concentrations also tended to increase with the increasing amount of WA. Therefore, lower dosage of WA without N can be applied as a soil amender to counteract forest soil acidity and improve plant growth and foliar nutrient concentration, whereas N fertilizer without WA can be added to correct nutrient soil deficiencies in landfill and infertile soils. This study should enhance our understanding of WA as a sustainable and reasonable approach to counteract acidification and correct nutrient deficiency in forest soils.

| S-EPMC8280140 | biostudies-literature

Plant membranes and border control.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC5853494 | biostudies-literature

Synchronisation of Arabidopsis flowering time and whole-plant senescence in seasonal environments.

Project description:Synchronisation of flowering phenology has often been observed between individuals within plant species. We expected that a critical role of flowering-time control under natural conditions is a phenological synchronisation. However, no studies have quantified the level of synchronisation of reproductive timing relative to germination timing under natural conditions. In a sequential seeding experiment (SSE) in which we manipulated the germination timing of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, we developed a quantification index to evaluate reproductive synchrony in annual plants. In the SSE, we identified a novel phenomenon of reproductive synchrony: senescence synchrony. The role of vernalisation in realising flowering synchrony between plants of different ages under natural conditions was demonstrated by synchronisation and de-synchronisation of flowering initiation in vernalisation-sensitive and less-vernalisation-sensitive accessions, respectively. We also observed up-regulation of senescence-related genes at corresponding times. The approach we developed in this study provides a set of concepts and procedures that can be used to study reproductive synchrony experimentally under natural conditions.

| S-EPMC6035182 | biostudies-literature

Boswellia Serrata

Project description:Hepatic gene expression analysis in mice fed control diet or diets supplemented with 1% Fraction 1 (haxane) or Fraction 2 (methanol) of Boswellia Serrata Keywords: other

2004-10-20 | GSE1847 | GEO

A case report of dysosteosclerosis observed from the prenatal period.

Project description:Dysosteosclerosis is a sclerosing bone dysplasia with skeletal changes resembling those of osteopetrosis. The disorder is associated with dental anomalies and occasionally mental retardation. Because of the rarity and phenotypic diversity of dysosteosclerosis, it remains unsolved whether or not the disorder is heterogeneous. We report here on an affected boy associated with brain calcification and epilepsy with developmental delay. Prenatal ultrasound revealed ventriculomegaly, and brain CT in the neonatal period showed periventricular calcifications. At 13 mo of age, he presented with generalized convulsion with developmental delay. Metaphyseal sclerosis, metaphyseal undermodeling, and oval-shaped vertebral bodies on skeletal survey warranted a diagnosis of dysosteosclerosis. Retrospective review of radiographs as a neonate showed metaphyseal radiolucency, but not metaphyseal sclerosis. Since then, neither the bone changes nor neurological symptom has progressively worsened up to 4 yr of age. Thus, it is thought that the clinical and radiological manifestations of the sclerotic disorder become obvious during infancy. Brain calcification of prenatal onset may be an essential syndromic constituent of the disorder.

| S-EPMC3687622 | biostudies-literature

Dominant Transmission Observed in Adolescents and Families With Orthostatic Intolerance.

Project description:BackgroundOrthostatic intolerance is typically thought to be sporadic and attributed to cerebral autonomic dysfunction. We sought to identify families with inherited autonomic dysfunction manifest as symptomatic orthostatic intolerance to characterize mode of inheritance and clinical features.MethodsSixteen families with two or more first- or second-degree relatives with autonomic dysfunction and orthostatic intolerance were enrolled. A clinical diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction defined by symptomatic orthostatic intolerance diagnosed by head-up tilt table testing was confirmed for each proband. Clinical features and evaluation were obtained from each proband using a standardized intake questionnaire, and family history information was obtained from probands and available relatives.ResultsComprehensive pedigree analysis of 16 families (39 individuals with orthostatic intolerance and 40 individuals suspected of having orthostatic intolerance) demonstrated dominant transmission of autonomic dysfunction with incomplete penetrance. Affected individuals were predominantly female (71.8%, 28/39; F:M, 2.5:1). Male-to-male transmission, although less common, was observed and demonstrated to transmit through unaffected males with an affected parent. Similar to sporadic orthostatic intolerance, probands report a range of symptoms across multiple organ systems, with headaches and neuromuscular features being most common.ConclusionsFamilial occurrence and vertical transmission of autonomic dysfunction in 16 families suggest a novel genetic syndrome with dominant transmission, incomplete penetrance, and skewing of the sex ratio. Elucidation of potential genetic contributions to orthostatic intolerance may inform therapeutic management and identification of individuals at risk. Adolescent evaluation should include identification and treatment of potential at-risk relatives.

| S-EPMC5209259 | biostudies-literature

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