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PD-1hiCXCR5- T peripheral helper cells promote B cell responses in lupus via MAF and IL-21.

ABSTRACT: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pathologic T cell-B cell interactions and autoantibody production. Defining the T cell populations that drive B cell responses in SLE may enable design of therapies that specifically target pathologic cell subsets. Here, we evaluated the phenotypes of CD4+ T cells in the circulation of 52 SLE patients drawn from multiple cohorts and identified a highly expanded PD-1hiCXCR5-CD4+ T cell population. Cytometric, transcriptomic, and functional assays demonstrated that PD-1hiCXCR5-CD4+ T cells from SLE patients are T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, a CXCR5- T cell population that stimulates B cell responses via IL-21. The frequency of Tph cells, but not T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, correlated with both clinical disease activity and the frequency of CD11c+ B cells in SLE patients. PD-1hiCD4+ T cells were found within lupus nephritis kidneys and correlated with B cell numbers in the kidney. Both IL-21 neutralization and CRISPR-mediated deletion of MAF abrogated the ability of Tph cells to induce memory B cell differentiation into plasmablasts in vitro. These findings identify Tph cells as a highly expanded T cell population in SLE and suggest a key role for Tph cells in stimulating pathologic B cell responses.

SUBMITTER: Bocharnikov AV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6824311 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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PD-1hiCXCR5- T peripheral helper cells promote B cell responses in lupus via MAF and IL-21.

Bocharnikov Alexandra V AV Keegan Joshua J Wacleche Vanessa S VS Cao Ye Y Fonseka Chamith Y CY Wang Guoxing G Muise Eric S ES Zhang Kelvin X KX Arazi Arnon A Keras Gregory G Li Zhihan J ZJ Qu Yujie Y Gurish Michael F MF Petri Michelle M Buyon Jill P JP Putterman Chaim C Wofsy David D James Judith A JA Guthridge Joel M JM Diamond Betty B Anolik Jennifer H JH Mackey Matthew F MF Alves Stephen E SE Nigrovic Peter A PA Costenbader Karen H KH Brenner Michael B MB Lederer James A JA Rao Deepak A DA

JCI insight 20191017 20

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pathologic T cell-B cell interactions and autoantibody production. Defining the T cell populations that drive B cell responses in SLE may enable design of therapies that specifically target pathologic cell subsets. Here, we evaluated the phenotypes of CD4+ T cells in the circulation of 52 SLE patients drawn from multiple cohorts and identified a highly expanded PD-1hiCXCR5-CD4+ T cell population. Cytometric, transcripto ...[more]

PMID: 31536480

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Project description:ObjectiveCirculating follicular helper T (cTfh) cells are a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells that express the CXC-chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5). These cells exhibit immune activities by inducing B cell differentiation and proliferation via the secretion of interleukin (IL)-21. Multiple studies have demonstrated that cTfh cells are associated with the progression and severity of numerous diseases. To investigate the role of cTfh cells in the development of Kawasaki disease (KD), we analyzed the distinct subpopulations of cTfh cells and serum IL-21 levels in different phases of KD.MethodsAccording to the differential expression of inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cTfh cells were divided into distinct subsets. We used flow cytometry and flow cytometric bead arrays (CBA) to analyze subsets of CD4+CXCR5+ T cells and serum IL-21 levels. The samples were collected from control subjects and Kawasaki disease patients in the acute and remission phases.ResultsIn the acute phase (AP), the percentages of ICOShighPD-1high, ICOS+PD-1+, ICOS-PD-1+, CD45RA-IL-21+ cTfh cells and serum IL-21 levels significantly increased. Furthermore, the percentages of ICOShighPD-1high and ICOS+PD-1+ cTfh cells positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) values, whereas the percentage of ICOS-PD-1+ cTfh cells indicated negative correlations. The percentages of ICOS+PD-1+, ICOShighPD-1high and CD45RA-IL-21+ cTfh cells correlated positively with serum IL-21 levels. In the remission phase (RP), the percentages of ICOS-PD-1+, CD45RA-IL-21+ cTfh cells and serum IL-21 levels were significantly decreased. In contrast, the percentages of ICOS+PD-1+, ICOShighPD-1high, and ICOS+PD-1- cTfh cells were further increased. Among these subsets, only CD45RA-IL-21+ cTfh cells correlated positively with serum IL-21 levels.ConclusionsThe present study is the first investigation that examined the distribution of circulating cTfh cell subsets in Kawasaki disease. Both cTfh cells and serum IL-21 are essential to the pathogenesis of KD. Our study provides further understanding of the immune response involved in KD and offers novel insights in the pathogenetic mechanism of this disease.

Dataset Information

PD-1hiCXCR5- T peripheral helper cells promote B cell responses in lupus via MAF and IL-21.

Publications

PD-1hiCXCR5- T peripheral helper cells promote B cell responses in lupus via MAF and IL-21.

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