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Dissociating stable nitrogen molecules under mild conditions by cyclic strain engineering.

ABSTRACT: All quiet on the nitrogen front. The dissociation of stable diatomic nitrogen molecules (N₂) is one of the most challenging tasks in the scientific community and currently requires both high pressure and high temperature. Here, we demonstrate that N₂ can be dissociated under mild conditions by cyclic strain engineering. The method can be performed at a critical reaction pressure of less than 1 bar, and the temperature of the reaction container is only 40°C. When graphite was used as a dissociated N* receptor, the normalized loading of N to C reached as high as 16.3 at/at %. Such efficient nitrogen dissociation is induced by the cyclic loading and unloading mechanical strain, which has the effect of altering the binding energy of N, facilitating adsorption in the strain-free stage and desorption in the compressive strain stage. Our finding may lead to opportunities for the direct synthesis of N-containing compounds from N₂.

SUBMITTER: Han GF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6824848 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dissociating stable nitrogen molecules under mild conditions by cyclic strain engineering.

Han Gao-Feng GF Shi Xiang-Mei XM Kim Seok-Jin SJ Kim Jeonghun J Jeon Jong-Pil JP Noh Hyuk-Jun HJ Im Yoon-Kwang YK Li Feng F Uhm Young Rang YR Kim Chul Sung CS Jiang Qing Q Baek Jong-Beom JB

Science advances 20191101 11

All quiet on the nitrogen front. The dissociation of stable diatomic nitrogen molecules (N<sub>2</sub>) is one of the most challenging tasks in the scientific community and currently requires both high pressure and high temperature. Here, we demonstrate that N<sub>2</sub> can be dissociated under mild conditions by cyclic strain engineering. The method can be performed at a critical reaction pressure of less than 1 bar, and the temperature of the reaction container is only 40°C. When graphite wa ...[more]

PMID: 31701007

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Project description:BackgroundPlants are always exposed to dynamic light. The photosynthetic light use efficiency of leaves is lower in dynamic light than in uniform irradiance. Research on the influence of environmental factors on dynamic photosynthesis is very limited. Nitrogen is critical for plants, especially for photosynthesis. Low nitrogen (LN) decreases ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and thus limits photosynthesis. The decrease in Rubisco also delays photosynthetic induction in LN leaves; therefore, we hypothesized that the difference of photosynthetic CO2 fixation between uniform and dynamic light will be greater in LN leaves compared to leaves with sufficient nitrogen supply.ResultsTo test this hypothesis, soybean plants were grown under low or high nitrogen (HN), and the photosynthetic gas exchange, enzyme activity and protein amount in leaves were measured under uniform and dynamic light. Unexpectedly, dynamic light caused less photosynthetic suppression, rather than more, in LN leaves than in HN leaves. The underlying mechanism was also clarified. Short low-light (LL) intervals did not affect Rubisco activity but clearly deactivated fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase), indicating that photosynthetic induction after a LL interval depends on the reactivation of FBPase and SBPase rather than Rubisco. In LN leaves, the amount of Rubisco decreased more than FBPase and SBPase, so FBPase and SBPase were present in relative excess. A lower fraction of FBPase and SBPase needs to be activated in LN leaves for photosynthesis recovery during the high-light phase of dynamic light. Therefore, photosynthetic recovery is faster in LN leaves than in HN leaves, which relieves the photosynthetic suppression caused by dynamic light in LN leaves.ConclusionsContrary to our expectations, dynamic light caused less photosynthetic suppression, rather than more, in LN leaves than in HN leaves of soybean. This is the first report of a stress condition alleviating the photosynthetic suppression caused by dynamic light.

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Dissociating stable nitrogen molecules under mild conditions by cyclic strain engineering.

Publications

Dissociating stable nitrogen molecules under mild conditions by cyclic strain engineering.

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