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Dexmedetomidine attenuates the increase of ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter as a surrogate for intracranial pressure in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg position during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) can increase intracranial pressure (ICP). Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, can cause cerebral vasoconstriction and decrease cerebral blood flow by stimulating the postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors on cerebral blood vessels. However, the effects of dexmedetomidine on ICP are controversial and have not been evaluated during RALP under the establishment of pneumoperitoneum in the steep Trendelenburg position. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of dexmedetomidine on optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as a surrogate for assessing ICP during RALP. METHODS:Patients were randomly allocated to receive dexmedetomidine (n =?63) (loading dose, 1??g/kg for 10 minutes and continuous infusion, 0.4??g/kg/hr) or normal saline (n =?63). The ONSD was measured at 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia in the supine position (T1), 30 minutes (T2) and 60 minutes (T3) after establishment of pneumoperitoneum in the steep Trendelenburg position, and at closing the skin in the supine position (T4). Hemodynamic and respiratory variables were measured at every time point. RESULTS:ONSDs at T2, T3, and T4 were significantly smaller in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group (5.26?±?0.25?mm vs 5.71?±?0.26?mm, 5.29?±?0.24?mm vs 5.81?±?0.23?mm, and 4.97?±?0.24?mm vs 5.15?±?0.28?mm, all P?<.001). ONSDs at T2, T3, and T4 were significantly increased compared to T1 in both groups. Hemodynamic and respiratory variables, except heart rate, did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. The bradycardia and atropine administration were not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION:Dexmedetomidine attenuates the increase of ONSD during RALP, suggesting that intraoperative dexmedetomidine administration may effectively attenuate the ICP increase during pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position.

SUBMITTER: Yu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6831248 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dexmedetomidine attenuates the increase of ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter as a surrogate for intracranial pressure in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.

Yu Jihion J Park Jun-Young JY Kim Doo-Hwan DH Koh Gi-Ho GH Jeong Wonyeong W Kim Eunkyul E Hong Jun Hyuk JH Hwang Jai-Hyun JH Kim Young-Kug YK

Medicine 20190801 33

<h4>Background</h4>Pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg position during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) can increase intracranial pressure (ICP). Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, can cause cerebral vasoconstriction and decrease cerebral blood flow by stimulating the postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors on cerebral blood vessels. However, the effects of dexmedetomidine on ICP are controversial and have not been evaluated during RAL ...[more]

PMID: 31415378

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Project description:Background and aimsIntracranial Hypertension (ICH) is a life-threatening complication of brain injury. The invasive measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) remains the gold standard to diagnose ICH. Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD) using ultrasonography is a non-invasive method for detecting ICH. However, data on paediatric brain injury are scarce. The aim of the study was to determine the performance of the initial ONSD measurement to predict ICH occurring in children with severe brain injury and to describe the ONSD values in a control group.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, ONSD was measured in children aged 2 months-17 years old with invasive ICP monitoring: before placement of ICP probe and within the 60 min after, and then daily during 3 days. ONSD was also measured in a control group.ResultsNinety-nine patients were included, of whom 97 were analysed, with a median (IQR) age of 8.7 [2.3-13.6] years. The median (IQR) PIM 2 score was 6.6 [4.4-9.7] and the median (IQR) PELOD score was 21 [12-22]. Aetiologies of brain injury were trauma (n = 72), infection (n = 17) and stroke (n = 8). ICH occurred in 65 children. The median (IQR) ONSD was 5.58 mm [5.05-5.85]. ONSD performed poorly when it came to predicting ICH occurrence within the first 24 h (area under the curve, 0.58). There was no significant difference between the ONSD of children who presented with ICH within the first 24 h and the other children, with a median (IQR) of 5.6 mm [5.1-5.9] and 5.4 mm [4.9-5.8], respectively. Infants aged less than 2 years had a median (IQR) ONSD of 4.9 mm [4.5-5.2], significantly different from children aged more than 2 years, whose median ONSD was 5.6 mm [5.2-5.9]. Age, aetiology or ICP levels did not change the results. Thirty-one controls were included, with a median age of 3.7 (1.2-8.8) years. The median (IQR) of their ONSD measurement was 4.5 mm [4.1-4.8], significantly lower than the patient group.ConclusionIn a paediatric severe brain injury population, ONSD measurement could not predict the 24 h occurrence of ICH. Severity of patients, timing and conditions of measurements may possibly explain these results.

Dataset Information

Dexmedetomidine attenuates the increase of ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter as a surrogate for intracranial pressure in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.

Publications

Dexmedetomidine attenuates the increase of ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter as a surrogate for intracranial pressure in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.

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