Dataset Information

Shedding New Light on Ancient Glass Beads by Synchrotron, SEM-EDS, and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques.

ABSTRACT: The oxidation states of colouring elements and the pigments in ancient rare glasses have been investigated in this study. Synchrotron X-ray, SEM-EDS, and Raman techniques revealed that Cu²⁺plays a major role in blue and green glasses. The lead stannate pigment gives glasses a yellow colour. Copper and lead stannate can cause the green colour in glasses, and iron gives rise to the colour of black glasses. Microcomputed tomography reveals the distribution of the heavy elements, pigments, and inclusions in the glasses. The Dvaravati glasses in Southeast Asia may have been imported or technologically transferred to domestic manufacturers during trading on the Silk Road that connected the East and the West.

SUBMITTER: Saminpanya S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6831571 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Shedding New Light on Ancient Glass Beads by Synchrotron, SEM-EDS, and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques.

Saminpanya Seriwat S Saiyasombat Chatree C Thammajak Nirawat N Samrong Chanakarn C Footrakul Sirilak S Potisuppaiboon Nichanan N Sirisurawong Ekkasit E Witchanantakul Thumrongsak T Rojviriya Catleya C

Scientific reports 20191105 1

The oxidation states of colouring elements and the pigments in ancient rare glasses have been investigated in this study. Synchrotron X-ray, SEM-EDS, and Raman techniques revealed that Cu<sup>2+</sup>plays a major role in blue and green glasses. The lead stannate pigment gives glasses a yellow colour. Copper and lead stannate can cause the green colour in glasses, and iron gives rise to the colour of black glasses. Microcomputed tomography reveals the distribution of the heavy elements, pigments ...[more]

PMID: 31690739

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Project description:This research aimed to assess the feasibility of utilizing Raman spectroscopy in plant breeding programs. For this purpose, the evaluation of the mutant populations set up the application of 4 mM NaN3 to the somatic embryos obtained from mature wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Adana-99 cv.) embryos. Advanced wheat mutant lines, which were brought up to the seventh generation with salt stress tolerance by following in vitro and in vivo environments constructed by mutated populations, were evaluated using conventional techniques [measurement of antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and POX), total chlorophyll, TBARS, and proline contents; measurement of the concentration of Na+ and K+ ions; and evaluation of gene expression by qPCR (TaHKT2;1, TaHKT1;5, TaSOS1, TaNa+/H+ vacuolar antiporter, TaV-PPase, TaV-ATPase, and TaP5CS)] and Raman spectroscopy. In this research, no significant difference was found in the increase of SOD, CAT, and POX antioxidant enzyme activities between the salt-treated and untreated experimental groups of the commercial cultivar, while there was a statistically significant increase in salt-treated advanced generation mutant lines as compared to control and the salt-treated commercial cultivar. Proline showed a statistically significant increase in all experimental groups compared to the untreated commercial cultivar. The degradation in the amount of chlorophyll was lower in the salt-treated advanced generation mutant lines than in the salt-treated commercial cultivar. According to gene expression studies, there were statistical differences at various levels in terms of Na+ and/or K+ uptake from soil to plant (TaHKT2;1, TaHKT1;5, and TaSOS1), and Na+ compartmentalizes into the cell vacuole (TaNa+/H+ vacuolar antiporter, Ta vacuolar pyrophosphatase, and Ta vacuolar H+-ATPase). The expression activity of TaP5CS, which is responsible for the transcription of proline, is similar to the content of proline in the current study. As a result of Raman spectroscopy, the differences in peaks represent the protein-related bands in mutant lines having a general decreasing trend in intensity when compared to the commercial cultivar. Amide-I (1,630 and 1,668 cm-1), Histidine, Lysine, Arginine, and Leucine bands (823, 849, 1,241, 1,443, and 1,582 cm-1) showed decreasing wavenumbers. Beta-carotene peaks at 1,153 and 1,519 cm-1 showed increasing trends when the normalized Raman intensities of the mutant lines were compared.

Dataset Information

Shedding New Light on Ancient Glass Beads by Synchrotron, SEM-EDS, and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques.

Publications

Shedding New Light on Ancient Glass Beads by Synchrotron, SEM-EDS, and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques.

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