Dataset Information

Grain filling of early-season rice cultivars grown under mechanical transplanting.

ABSTRACT: High yields of mechanized intensive rice-based cropping systems, e.g. double-season cropping using early- and late-season rice, are important to ensure national food security in China. However, few studies addressing the relationship between grain weight and grain yield of early-season rice under machine-transplanted conditions. A field experiment was conducted to determine the critical grain-filling characteristics and related physiological aspects that contribute to high grain weight in machine-transplanted early-season rice. The results showed that grain yield was significantly positively correlated with grain weight but not with panicles per m2, spikelets per panicle, and spikelet-filling percentage. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that there was a significant positive correlation between grain weight and mean grain-filling rate, which was significantly positively correlated with harvest index and grain cytokinin content. These results indicate that high grain-filling rate driven by good transport of assimilates to grains and strong grain sink strength is responsible for high grain weight in machine-transplanted early-season rice.

SUBMITTER: Chen J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6837445 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Grain filling of early-season rice cultivars grown under mechanical transplanting.

Chen Jiana J Cao Fangbo F Shan Shuanglü S Yin Xiaohong X Huang Min M Zou Yingbin Y

PloS one 20191107 11

High yields of mechanized intensive rice-based cropping systems, e.g. double-season cropping using early- and late-season rice, are important to ensure national food security in China. However, few studies addressing the relationship between grain weight and grain yield of early-season rice under machine-transplanted conditions. A field experiment was conducted to determine the critical grain-filling characteristics and related physiological aspects that contribute to high grain weight in machin ...[more]

PMID: 31697760

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Project description:Heat stress is a primary constraint to Australia's barley production. In addition to impacting grain yield, it adversely affects physical grain quality (weight and plumpness) and market value. The incidence of heat stress during grain filling is rising with global warming. However, breeding for new superior heat-tolerant genotypes has been challenging due to the narrow window of sensitivity, the unpredictable nature of heat stress, and its frequent co-occurrence with drought stress. Greater scientific knowledge regarding traits and mechanisms associated with heat tolerance would help develop more efficient selection methods. Our objective was to assess 157 barley varieties of contrasting genetic backgrounds for various developmental, agro-morphological, and physiological traits to examine the effects of heat stress on physical grain quality. Delayed sowing (i.e., July and August) increased the likelihood of daytime temperatures above 30°C during grain-filling. Supplementary irrigation of field trials ensured a reduced impact of drought stress. Heat tolerance appeared to be the primary factor determining grain plumpness. A wide variation was observed for heat tolerance, particularly among the Australian varieties. Genotypic variation was also observed for grain weight, plumpness, grain growth components, stay-green and stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content, and mobilisation under normal and delayed sown conditions. Compared to normal sowing, delayed sowing reduced duration of developmental phases, plant height, leaf size, head length, head weight, grain number, plumpness, grain width and thickness, stem WSC content, green leaf area retention, and harvest index (HI), and increased screenings, grain length, grain-filling rate (GFR), WSC mobilisation efficiency (WSCME), and grain protein content. Overall, genotypes with heavier and plumper grains under high temperatures had higher GFR, longer grain-filling duration, longer green leaf area retention, higher WSCME, taller stature, smaller leaf size, greater HI, higher grain weight/plumpness potentials, and earlier flowering. GFR played a significant role in determining barley grain weight and plumpness under heat-stress conditions. Enhancing GFR may provide a new avenue for improving heat tolerance in barley.

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Project description:BackgroundHeat stress is a major restrictive factor that causes yield loss in rice. We previously reported the priming effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on rice for enhanced thermotolerance at the germination, seedling and heading stages. In the present study, we aimed to understand the priming effect and mechanism of ABA on grain filling capacity in rice under heat stress.ResultsRice plants were pretreated with distilled water, 50 μM ABA and 10 μM fluridone by leaf spraying at 8 d or 15 d after initial heading (AIH) stage and then were subjected to heat stress conditions of 38 °C day/30 °C night for 7 days, respectively. Exogenous ABA pretreatment significantly super-activated the ABA signaling pathway and improved the SOD, POD, CAT and APX enzyme activity levels, as well as upregulated the ROS-scavenging genes; and decreased the heat stress-induced ROS content (O2- and H2O2) by 15.0-25.5% in rice grain under heat stress. ABA pretreatment also increased starch synthetase activities in rice grain under heat stress. Furthermore, ABA pretreatment significantly improved yield component indices and grain yield by 14.4-16.5% under heat stress. ABA pretreatment improved the milling quality and the quality of appearance and decreased the incidence of chalky kernels and chalkiness in rice grain and improved the rice grain cooking quality by improving starch content and gel consistence and decreasing the amylose percentage under heat stress. The application of paraquat caused overaccumulation of ROS, decreased starch synthetase activities and ultimately decreased starch content and grain yield. Exogenous antioxidants decreased ROS overaccumulation and increased starch content and grain yield under heat stress.ConclusionTaken together, these results suggest that exogenous ABA has a potential priming effect for enhancing rice grain filling capacity under heat stress at grain filling stage mainly by inhibiting ROS overaccumulation and improving starch synthetase activities in rice grain.

Dataset Information

Grain filling of early-season rice cultivars grown under mechanical transplanting.

Publications

Grain filling of early-season rice cultivars grown under mechanical transplanting.

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