Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

29 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Yield, Grain Quality, and Starch Physicochemical Properties of 2 Elite Thai Rice Cultivars Grown under Varying Production Systems and Soil Characteristics.

ABSTRACT: Rice production systems and soil characteristics play a crucial role in determining its yield and grain quality. Two elite Thai rice cultivars, namely, KDML105 and RD6, were cultivated in two production systems with distinct soil characteristics, including net-house pot production and open-field production. Under open-field system, KDML105 and RD6 had greater panicle number, total grain weight, 100-grain weight, grain size, and dimension than those grown in the net-house. The amounts of reducing sugar and long amylopectin branch chains (DP 25-36) of the RD6 grains along with the amounts of long branch chains (DP 25-36 and DP ≥ 37), C-type starch granules, and average chain length of the KDML105 were substantially enhanced by the open-field cultivation. Contrastingly, the relative crystallinity of RD6 starch and the amounts of short branch chains (DP 6-12 and DP 13-24), B- and A-type granules, and median granule size of KDML105 starch were significantly suppressed. Consequently, the open-field-grown RD6 starch displayed significant changes in its gelatinization and retrogradation properties, whereas, certain retrogradation parameters and peak viscosity (PV) of KDML105 starches were differentially affected by the distinct cultivating conditions. This study demonstrated the influences of production systems and soil characteristics on the physicochemical properties of rice starches.

SUBMITTER: Sangwongchai W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8620510 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Structural characterization and physicochemical properties of grain amaranth starch

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC11375243 | biostudies-literature

The Elite Alleles of OsSPL4 Regulate Grain Size and Increase Grain Yield in Rice.

Project description:Grain weight and grain number, the two important yield traits, are mainly determined by grain size and panicle architecture in rice. Herein, we report the identification and functional analysis of OsSPL4 in panicle and grain development of rice. Using CRISPR/Cas9 system, two elite alleles of OsSPL4 were obtained, which exhibited an increasing number of grains per panicle and grain size, resulting in increase of rice yield. Cytological analysis showed that OsSPL4 could regulate spikelet development by promoting cell division. The results of RNA-seq and qRT-PCR validations also demonstrated that several MADS-box and cell-cycle genes were up-regulated in the mutation lines. Co-expression network revealed that many yield-related genes were involved in the regulation network of OsSPL4. In addition, OsSPL4 could be cleaved by the osa-miR156 in vivo, and the OsmiR156-OsSPL4 module might regulate the grain size in rice. Further analysis indicated that the large-grain allele of OsSPL4 in indica rice might introgress from aus varieties under artificial selection. Taken together, our findings suggested that OsSPL4 could be as a key regulator of grain size by acting on cell division control and provided a strategy for panicle architecture and grain size modification for yield improvement in rice.

| S-EPMC8563897 | biostudies-literature

Grain filling of early-season rice cultivars grown under mechanical transplanting.

Project description:High yields of mechanized intensive rice-based cropping systems, e.g. double-season cropping using early- and late-season rice, are important to ensure national food security in China. However, few studies addressing the relationship between grain weight and grain yield of early-season rice under machine-transplanted conditions. A field experiment was conducted to determine the critical grain-filling characteristics and related physiological aspects that contribute to high grain weight in machine-transplanted early-season rice. The results showed that grain yield was significantly positively correlated with grain weight but not with panicles per m2, spikelets per panicle, and spikelet-filling percentage. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that there was a significant positive correlation between grain weight and mean grain-filling rate, which was significantly positively correlated with harvest index and grain cytokinin content. These results indicate that high grain-filling rate driven by good transport of assimilates to grains and strong grain sink strength is responsible for high grain weight in machine-transplanted early-season rice.

| S-EPMC6837445 | biostudies-literature

Impacts of nitrogen fertilization rate on the root yield, starch yield and starch physicochemical properties of the sweet potato cultivar Jishu 25.

Project description:In recent years, the sweet potato cultivar Jishu 25 has exhibited good characteristics for starch processing in northern China. The storage root dry matter yields of this cultivar can exceed one ton per mu (1/15 of a hectare) at nitrogen (N) rates of 60-90 kg ha-1 based on soil nutrient content. However, the effect of N fertilizer on the physicochemical properties of starches isolated from this cultivar has not been reported. In order to evaluate these effects, three different N rates, 0 (control, N0), 75 (N1), and 150 kg ha-1 (N2), were selected for a field experiment in 2017. The results showed that N1 exhibited the highest storage root yield and starch yield. Compared to the control group, N fertilizer significantly increased the total starch content while no significant difference was found in these between the N1 and N2 groups. The amylose (AM) content was highest in the N2 group and lowest in the N0 group. In addition, N fertilizer exhibited no significant effects on the values of [D(v, 0.9)], D [4, 3] and D [3, 2]. Compared to the control group, N1 demonstrated significantly higher setback viscosity (SV), while N2 showed significantly higher peak viscosity (PV), cold paste viscosity (CPV) and SV. However, there were no significant differences in the hot paste viscosity (HPV), peak time and pasting temperature between the N1 and N2 groups. For the thermal properties of starch, there were no significant differences in peak temperature (Tp), conclusion temperature (Tc) or gelatinization enthalpy (?H) between the N1 and N2 groups. Overall, for the starch samples of cultivar Jishu 25, N fertilizer exerts significant effects on the starch content, AM content and viscosity properties but little effect on the particle size distribution and ?H. 75 kg N ha-1 can easily lead to substantial planting benefits from the high storage root yield, dry matter yield and total starch content of this cultivar.

| S-EPMC6705776 | biostudies-literature

Genetic Gains for Grain Yield in CIMMYT's Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Trials Grown in Suboptimal Environments.

Project description:Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple food crop grown worldwide on >220 million ha. Climate change is regarded to have severe effect on wheat yields, and unpredictable drought stress is one of the most important factors. Breeding can significantly contribute to the mitigation of climate change effects on production by developing drought-tolerant wheat germplasm. The objective of our study was to determine the annual genetic gain for grain yield (GY) of the internationally distributed Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Trials, grown during 2002-2003 to 2013-2014 and developed by the Bread Wheat Breeding program at the CIMMYT. We analyzed data from 740 locations across 66 countries, which were classified in low-yielding (LYE) and medium-yielding (MYE) environments according to a cluster analysis. The rate of GY increase (GYC) was estimated relative to four drought-tolerant wheat lines used as constant checks. Our results estimate that the rate of GYC in LYE was 1.8% (38.13 kg ha-1 yr-1), whereas in MYE, it was 1.41% (57.71 kg ha-1 yr-1). The increase in GYC across environments was 1.6% (48.06 kg ha-1 yr-1). The pedigrees of the highest yielding lines through the coefficient of parentage analysis indicated the utilization of three primary sources-'Pastor', 'Baviacora 92', and synthetic hexaploid derivatives-to develop drought-tolerant, high and stably performing wheat lines. We conclude that CIMMYT's wheat breeding program continues to deliver adapted germplasm for suboptimal conditions of diverse wheat growing regions worldwide.

| S-EPMC7691759 | biostudies-literature

Phytochrome B enhances plant growth, biomass and grain yield in field-grown maize.

Project description:Background and aimsPhytochrome B (phyB) is a photosensory receptor important for the control of plant plasticity and resource partitioning. Whether phyB is required to optimize plant biomass accumulation in agricultural crops exposed to full sunlight is unknown. Here we investigated the impact of mutations in the genes that encode either phyB1 or phyB2 on plant growth and grain yield in field crops of Zea mays sown at contrasting population densities.MethodsPlants of maize inbred line France 2 wild type (WT) and the isogenic mutants lacking either phyB1 or phyB2 (phyB1 and phyB2) were cultivated in the field during two seasons. Plants were grown at two densities (9 and 30 plants m-2), irrigated and without restrictions of nutrients. Leaf and stem growth, leaf anatomy, light interception, above-ground biomass accumulation and grain yield were recorded.Key resultsAt high plant density, all the lines showed similar kinetics of biomass accumulation. However, compared with the WT, the phyB1 and phyB2 mutations impaired the ability to enhance plant growth in response to the additional resources available at low plant density. This effect was largely due to a reduced leaf area (fewer cells per leaf), which compromised light interception capacity. Grain yield was reduced in phyB1 plants.ConclusionsMaize plants grown in the field at relatively low densities require phyB1 and phyB2 to sense the light environment and optimize the use of the available resources. In the absence of either of these two light receptors, leaf expansion is compromised, imposing a limitation to the interception of photosynthetic radiation and growth. These observations suggest that genetic variability at the locus encoding phyB could offer a breeding target to improve crop growth capacity in the field.

| S-EPMC6589507 | biostudies-literature

Genetic Basis for Variation in Wheat Grain Yield in Response to Varying Nitrogen Application.

Project description:Nitrogen (N) is a major nutrient needed to attain optimal grain yield (GY) in all environments. Nitrogen fertilisers represent a significant production cost, in both monetary and environmental terms. Developing genotypes capable of taking up N early during development while limiting biomass production after establishment and showing high N-use efficiency (NUE) would be economically beneficial. Genetic variation in NUE has been shown previously. Here we describe the genetic characterisation of NUE and identify genetic loci underlying N response under different N fertiliser regimes in a bread wheat population of doubled-haploid lines derived from a cross between two Australian genotypes (RAC875 × Kukri) bred for a similar production environment. NUE field trials were carried out at four sites in South Australia and two in Western Australia across three seasons. There was genotype-by-environment-by-treatment interaction across the sites and also good transgressive segregation for yield under different N supply in the population. We detected some significant Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with NUE and N response at different rates of N application across the sites and years. It was also possible to identify lines showing positive N response based on the rankings of their Best Linear Unbiased Predictions (BLUPs) within a trial. Dissecting the complexity of the N effect on yield through QTL analysis is a key step towards elucidating the molecular and physiological basis of NUE in wheat.

| S-EPMC4961366 | biostudies-literature

Genotypic Variability on Grain Yield and Grain Nutritional Quality Characteristics of Wheat Grown under Elevated CO2 and High Temperature.

Project description:The progressive rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperature associated with climate change is predicted to have a major impact on the productivity and quality of food crops. Therefore, food security is highly dependent on climate change. Following a survey with 60 bread wheat genotypes, here we investigated the genetic variation in grain yield and nutritional quality among 10 of these genotypes grown under elevated CO2 and temperature. With this purpose, the biomass production, grain yield-related traits, the grain concentration of starch, total protein, phenolic compounds, and mineral nutrients, together with the total antioxidant capacity, were determined. Variation among genotypes was found for almost all the studied traits. Higher grain and ear numbers were associated with increased grain yield but decreased grain total protein concentration and minerals such as Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, P, and Zn. Mineral nutrients were mainly associated with wheat biomass, whereas protein concentration was affected by plant biomass and yield-related traits. Associations among different nutrients and promising nutrient concentrations in some wheat genotypes were also found. This study demonstrates that the exploration of genetic diversity is a powerful approach, not only for selecting genotypes with improved quality, but also for dissecting the effect of the environment on grain yield and nutritional composition.

| S-EPMC8224326 | biostudies-literature

Increased SBPase activity improves photosynthesis and grain yield in wheat grown in greenhouse conditions.

Project description:To meet the growing demand for food, substantial improvements in yields are needed. This is particularly the case for wheat, where global yield has stagnated in recent years. Increasing photosynthesis has been identified as a primary target to achieve yield improvements. To increase leaf photosynthesis in wheat, the level of the Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-biphosphatase (SBPase) has been increased through transformation and expression of a Brachypodium distachyon SBPase gene construct. Transgenic lines with increased SBPase protein levels and activity were grown under greenhouse conditions and showed enhanced leaf photosynthesis and increased total biomass and dry seed yield. This showed the potential of improving yield potential by increasing leaf photosynthesis in a crop species such as wheat. The results are discussed with regard to future strategies for further improvement of photosynthesis in wheat.This article is part of the themed issue 'Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement'.

| S-EPMC5566882 | biostudies-literature

Elevated CO2 (free-air CO2 enrichment) increases grain yield of aluminium-resistant but not aluminium-sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in an acid soil.

Project description:Background and aimsSoil acidity currently limits root growth and crop production in many regions, and climate change is leading to uncertainties regarding future food supply. However, it is unknown how elevated CO2 (eCO2) affects the performance of wheat crops in acid soils under field conditions. We investigated the effects of eCO2 on plant growth and yield of three pairs of near-isogenic hexaploid wheat lines differing in alleles of aluminium-resistant genes TaALMT1 (conferring root malate efflux) and TaMATE1B (conferring citrate efflux).MethodsPlants were grown until maturity in an acid soil under ambient CO2 (aCO2; 400 µmol mol-1) and eCO2 (550 µmol mol-1) in a soil free-air CO2 enrichment facility (SoilFACE). Growth parameters and grain yields were measured.Key resultsElevated CO2 increased grain yield of lines carrying TaMATE1B by 22 % and lines carrying only TaALMT1 by 31 %, but did not increase the grain yield of Al3+-sensitive lines. Although eCO2 promoted tiller formation, coarse root length and root biomass of lines carrying TaMATE1B, it did not affect ear number, and it therefore limited yield potential. By contrast, eCO2 decreased or did not change these parameters for lines carrying only TaALMT1, and enhanced biomass allocation to grains thereby resulting in increased grain yield. Despite TaMATE1B being less effective than TaALMT1 at conferring Al3+ resistance based on root growth, the gene promoted grain yield to a similar level to TaALMT1 when the plants were grown in acid soil. Furthermore, TaALMT1 and TaMATE1B were not additive in their effects.ConclusionsAs atmospheric CO2 increases, it is critical that both Al3+-resistance genes (particularly TaALMT1) should be maintained in hexaploid wheat germplasm in order for yield increases from CO2 fertilization to be realized in acid soils.

| S-EPMC6377095 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data