A comprehensive characterization of chronic norovirus infection in immunodeficient hosts.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Brown LK
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6843911 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
A comprehensive characterization of chronic norovirus infection in immunodeficient hosts.
Brown Li-An K LK Ruis Christopher C Clark Ian I Roy Sunando S Brown Julianne R JR Albuquerque Adriana S AS Patel Smita Y SY Miller Joanne J Karim Mohammed Yousuf MY Dervisevic Samir S Moore Jennifer J Williams Charlotte A CA Cudini Juliana J Moreira Fernando F Neild Penny P Seneviratne Suranjith L SL Workman Sarita S Toumpanakis Christos C Atkinson Claire C Burns Siobhan O SO Breuer Judith J Lowe David M DM
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 20190813 5
Similar Datasets
Project description:RAW264.7 macrophages infected with MNV-1 and mock infected gene expression measured by microarray. To be published in Waugh, E. Chen, A. Baird, M. Fleming, S. Brown, C.M. and V K. Ward (2014) Characterization of the chemokine response of RAW264.7 cells to infection by murine norovirus. Virus Genes Four Samples, two mock and two MNV-1 infected.
2013-12-22 | E-GEOD-50093 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We examined gene expression levels of multiple chemokines and chemokine receptors during Pneumocystis murina infection in wild-type and immunosuppressed mice, using microarrays and qPCR. In wild-type mice, expression of chemokines that are ligands for Ccr2, Cxcr3, Cxcr6, and Cxcr2 increased at days 32-41 post-infection, with a return to baseline by day 75-150. Concomitant increases were seen in Ccr2, Cxcr3, and Cxcr6, but not in Cxcr2 expression. Induction of these same factors also occurred in CD40-ligand and CD40 knockout mice but only at a much later time-point, during uncontrolled Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Expression of CD4 Th1 markers was increased in wild-type mice during clearance of infection. Ccr2 and Cx3cr1 knockout mice cleared Pneumocystis infection with kinetics similar to wild-type mice, and all animals developed anti-Pneumocystis antibodies. Upregulation of Ccr2, Cxcr3, and Cxcr6 and their ligands supports an important role for T helper cells and mononuclear phagocytes in the clearance of Pneumocystis infection. However, based on the current and prior studies, no single chemokine receptor appears to be critical to the clearance of Pneumocystis.
| S-EPMC4554965 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RAW264.7 macrophages infected with MNV-1 and mock infected gene expression measured by microarray. To be published in Waugh, E. Chen, A. Baird, M. Fleming, S. Brown, C.M. and V K. Ward (2014) Characterization of the chemokine response of RAW264.7 cells to infection by murine norovirus. Virus Genes
2013-12-22 | GSE50093 | GEO
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC3309672 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Norovirus infection is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and can also cause harmful chronic infections in individuals with weakened immune systems. The role of the gut microbiota in the interactions between the host and noroviruses has been extensively studied. While most past studies were conducted in vitro or focused on murine noroviruses, recent research has expanded to human noroviruses using in vivo or ex vivo human intestinal enteroids culture studies. The gut microbiota has been observed to have both promoting and inhibiting effects on human noroviruses. Understanding the interaction between noroviruses and the gut microbiota or probiotics is crucial for studying the pathogenesis of norovirus infection and its potential implications, including probiotics and vaccines for infection control. Recently, several clinical trials of probiotics and norovirus vaccines have also been published. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the current understanding and recent updates on the interactions between noroviruses and gut microbiota, including the impact of norovirus on the microbiota profile, pro-viral and antiviral effects of microbiota on norovirus infection, the use of probiotics for treating norovirus infections, and human norovirus vaccine development.
| S-EPMC10359435 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Although the illness is normally mild and self-limiting, there is a growing literature documenting the chronic excretion of norovirus in the immunocompromised. The aim of the current study was to examine the molecular features of chronic norovirus excretion in an immunocompromised patient with a past history of Burkitt lymphoma. During the 241 day course of the study from December 2013 to August 2014, seven faecal specimens were collected from the patient, tested for norovirus by RT-PCR and further analysed in the open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF 2 regions. All seven specimens were positive for norovirus by RT-PCR. Molecular sequencing in the polymerase (ORF 1) and capsid (ORF 2) regions indicated that the norovirus could be classified as GII.4 (2006b)/GII.4 (unknown). No significant mutation was found in the ORF 1 or ORF 2 regions analysed over the period of the study. The current report appears to be the first to document chronic norovirus excretion in a patient with a past history of Burkitt lymphoma. It is also the first to indicate long term norovirus excretion in a given individual need not involve major genetic change in key regions of the genome.
| S-EPMC4571591 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The lumen-dwelling protozoan Giardia is an important parasitic cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. Infection can persist over extended periods with minimal intestinal inflammation, suggesting that Giardia may attenuate host responses to ensure its survival, although clearance eventually occurs in most cases. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory regulator critical for intestinal homeostasis and controlling host responses to bacterial exposure, yet its potential role in coordinating antiprotozoal host defense in the intestine is not known. In this study, we found that murine infection with the natural enteric pathogen Giardia muris induced a transient IL-10 response after 2-4 wk at the primary site of infection in the upper small intestine, but parasite colonization and eradication were not affected by the absence of the cytokine in gene-targeted mice. However, IL-10 was critical for controlling infection-associated immunological sequelae in the colon because severe and persistent diarrhea and colitis were observed in IL-10-deficient mice within 1-2 wk postinfection but not in uninfected littermate controls. Inflammation was characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, neutrophil and macrophage expansion, and Th1 induction and could be prevented by blockade of IL-12/IL-23 p40 but not depletion of CD11c+ dendritic cells. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota underwent characteristic shifts in composition and was required for disease because antibiotics and loss of TLR signaling in MyD88-deficient mice protected against colitis. Together, our data suggest that transient infection by a luminal and seemingly noninflammatory pathogen can trigger sustained colitis in genetically susceptible hosts, which has broader implications for understanding postinfectious syndromes and other chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions.
| S-EPMC7351291 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2015-10-10 | GSE67721 | GEO
Project description:We determined the complete genomic sequences of nine type 1 immunodeficient vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) isolates obtained over a 337-day period from a poliomyelitis patient from Taiwan with common variable immunodeficiency. The iVDPV isolates differed from the Sabin type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) strain at 1.84% to 3.15% of total open reading frame positions and had diverged into at least five distinct lineages. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the chronic infection was initiated by the fifth and last OPV dose, given 567 days before onset of paralysis, and that divergence of major lineages began very early in the chronic infection. Key determinants of attenuation in Sabin 1 had reverted in the iVDPV isolates, and representative isolates of each lineage showed increased neurovirulence for PVR-Tg21 transgenic mice. None of the isolates had retained the temperature-sensitive phenotype of Sabin 1. All isolates were antigenic variants of Sabin 1, having multiple amino acid substitutions within or near neutralizing antigenic sites 1, 2, and 3a. Antigenic divergence of the iVDPV variants from Sabin 1 followed two major independent evolutionary pathways. The emergence of distinct coreplicating lineages suggests that iVDPVs can replicate for many months at separate sites in the gastrointestinal tract. Some isolates had mosaic genome structures indicative of recombination across and within lineages. iVDPV excretion apparently ceased after 30 to 35 months of chronic infection. The appearance of a chronic VDPV excretor in a tropical, developing country has important implications for the strategy to stop OPV immunization after eradication of wild polioviruses.
| S-EPMC1235840 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Noroviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and can establish chronic infection in immunocompromised individuals. To investigate the mechanisms of norovirus evolution during chronic infection, we selected seven representative patients from a National Institutes of Health study cohort who sustained norovirus infection for periods ranging from 73 to 1,492 days. Six patients shed viruses belonging to a single genotype (GII.2[PNA], GII.4 New Orleans[P4], GII.4 Den Haag[P4], GII.3[P21], GII.6[P7], or GII.14[P7]) over the period examined, while one patient sequentially shed two genotypes (GII.6[P7] followed by GII.4 Sydney[P31]). Norovirus genomes from consecutive stool samples were sequenced at high resolution (>3,300 reads/nucleotide position) using the Illumina platform and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Norovirus sequences could be resolved into one or more discrete clonal RNA genomes that persisted within these patients over time. Phylogenetic analyses inferred that clonal populations originated from a single founder virus and not by reinfection with community strains. Estimated evolutionary rates of clonal populations during persistent infection were similar to those of noroviruses from acute infection in the global database, suggesting that inherently higher RNA-dependent polymerase error rates were not associated with the ability to persist. The high-resolution analysis of norovirus diversity and evolution at the population level described here should allow a better understanding of adaptive mutations sustained during chronic infection. IMPORTANCE Noroviruses are an important cause of chronic diarrhea in patients with compromised immune systems. Presently, there are no effective therapies to clear the virus, which can persist for years in the intestinal tract. The goal of our study was to develop a better understanding of the norovirus strains that are associated with these long-term infections. With the remarkable diversity of norovirus strains detected in the immunocompromised patient cohort we studied, it appears that most, if not all, noroviruses circulating in nature may have the capacity to establish a chronic infection when a person is unable to mount an effective immune response. Our work is the most comprehensive genetic data set generated to date in which near full-length genomes from noroviruses associated with chronic infection were analyzed by high-resolution next-generation sequencing. Analysis of this data set led to our discovery that certain patients in our cohort were shedding noroviruses that could be subdivided into distinct haplotypes or populations of viruses that were co-evolving independently. The ability to track haplotypes of noroviruses during chronic infection will allow us to fine-tune our understanding of how the virus adapts and maintains itself in the human host, and how selective pressures such as antiviral drugs can affect these distinct populations.
| S-EPMC10746188 | biostudies-literature