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Design, synthesis and evaluation of quinolinone derivatives containing dithiocarbamate moiety as multifunctional AChE inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

ABSTRACT: A series of novel quinolinone derivatives bearing dithiocarbamate moiety were designed and synthesised as multifunctional AChE inhibitors for the treatment of AD. Most of these compounds exhibited strong and clearly selective inhibition to eeAChE. Among them, compound 4c was identified as the most potent inhibitor to both eeAChE and hAChE (IC₅₀ = 0.22 μM for eeAChE; IC₅₀ = 0.16 μM for hAChE), and it was also the best inhibitor to AChE-induced Aβ aggregation (29.02% at 100 μM) and an efficient inhibitor to self-induced Aβ aggregation (30.67% at 25 μM). Kinetic and molecular modelling studies indicated that compound 4c was a mixed-type inhibitor, which could interact simultaneously with the catalytic anionic site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. In addition, 4c had good ability to cross the BBB, showed no toxicity on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and was well tolerated in mice at doses up to 2500 mg/kg (po).

SUBMITTER: Fu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6844382 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:A series of indole derivatives was designed and synthesised to improve on activity and circumvent pharmacokinetic limitations experienced with the structurally related compound, ladostigil. The compounds consisted of a propargylamine moiety (a known MAO inhibitor and neuroprotector) at the N1 position and a ChE inhibiting diethyl-carbamate/urea moiety at the 5 or 6 position of the indole ring. In order to prevent or slow down the in vivo hydrolysis and deactivation associated with the carbamate function of ladostigil, a urea moeity was incorporated into selected compounds to obtain more metabolically stable structures. The majority of the synthesised compounds showed improved MAO-A inhibitory activity compared to ladostigil. The compounds possessing the propargylamine moiety showed good MAO-B inhibitory activity with 6 and 8 portraying IC50 values between 14-20 fold better than ladostigil. The ChE assay results indicated that the compounds have non-selective inhibitory activities on eeAChE and eqBuChE regardless of the type or position of substitution (IC50: 2-5 ?M). MAO-A and MAO-B docking results showed that the propargylamine moiety was positioned in close proximity to the FAD cofactor suggesting that the good inhibitory activity may be attributed to the propargylamine moiety and irreversible inhibition as confirmed in the reversibility studies. Docking results also indicated that the compounds have interactions with important amino acids in the AChE and BuChE catalytic sites. Compound 6 was the most potent multifunctional agent showing better inhibitory activity than ladostigil in vitro on all enzymes tested (hMAO-A IC50 = 4.31 ?M, hMAO-B IC50 = 2.62 ?M, eeAChE IC50 = 3.70 ?M, eqBuChE IC50 = 2.82 ?M). Chemical stability tests confirmed the diethyl-urea containing compound 6 to be more stable than its diethyl-carbamate containing counterpart compound 8. Compound 6 also exerted significant neuroprotection (52.62% at 1 ?M) against MPP+ insult to SH-SY5Y neural cells and has good in silico predicted ADMET properties. The favourable neuronal enzyme inhibitory activity, likely improved pharmacokinetic properties in vivo and the potent neuroprotective ability of compound 6 make it a promising compound for further development.

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Design, synthesis and evaluation of quinolinone derivatives containing dithiocarbamate moiety as multifunctional AChE inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

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