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Characterization of juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum EM and its cholesterol-lowering effects on rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum EM as a starter culture to control cabbage-apple juice fermentation and to explore the cholesterol-lowering effects of the fermented juice (EM juice) in rats. L. plantarum EM produced strong antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi, suppressing other microorganisms in the fermented juice, and was the dominant organism during fermentation and storage. The EM juice also showed strong and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet and administered EM juice showed significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol levels, as well as a reduced atherogenic index, lower cardiac factors in serum, and lower TC levels in the liver, while total lipid and TC levels in the rat feces increased. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the hepatic mRNA expression of HMG-CoA reductase decreased and the expressions of cholesterol 7?-hydroxylase and low-density lipoprotein receptor increased in rats administered EM juice. The effects of EM juice on rats included inhibition of cholesterol synthesis as well as enhancement of cholesterol uptake and cholesterol excretion. The results of this study indicate that the use of L. plantarum EM as a functional starter culture for juice fermentation exerts microbial control, enhances sanitary safety, and provides beneficial food effects against hypercholesterolemia.

SUBMITTER: Jeon YB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6848804 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterization of juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum EM and its cholesterol-lowering effects on rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet.

Jeon Yu Bin YB Lee Jae-Joon JJ Chang Hae Choon HC

Food science & nutrition 20190927 11

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum EM as a starter culture to control cabbage-apple juice fermentation and to explore the cholesterol-lowering effects of the fermented juice (EM juice) in rats. L. plantarum EM produced strong antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi, suppressing other microorganisms in the fermented juice, and was the dominant organism during fermentation and storage. The EM juice also showed strong and broad- ...[more]

PMID: 31763011

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Project description:UnlabelledBackgroundType 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, ectopic lipid accumulation and low-grade inflammation. A dysfunctional gut microbiota has been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Green tea is rich in polyphenols and has previously been shown to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Lactobacillus plantarum has the ability to metabolize phenolic acids. The health promoting effect of whole green tea powder as a prebiotic compound has not been thoroughly investigated previously.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without a supplement of 4% green tea powder (GT), and offered drinking water supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313 (Lp) or the combination of both (Lp + GT) for 22 weeks. Parameters related to obesity, glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis and inflammation were examined. Small intestinal tissue and caecal content were collected for bacterial analysis.ResultsMice in the Lp + GT group had significantly more Lactobacillus and higher diversity of bacteria in the intestine compared to both mice in the control and the GT group. Green tea strongly reduced the body fat content and hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol accumulation. The reduction was negatively correlated to the amount of Akkermansia and/or the total amount of bacteria in the small intestine. Markers of inflammation were reduced in the Lp + GT group compared to control. PLS analysis of correlations between the microbiota and the metabolic variables of the individual mice showed that relatively few components of the microbiota had high impact on the correlation model.ConclusionsGreen tea powder in combination with a single strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was able to promote growth of Lactobacillus in the intestine and to attenuate high fat diet-induced inflammation. In addition, a component of the microbiota, Akkermansia, correlated negatively with several metabolic parameters known to be risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.

Project description:BackgroundTestosterone deficiency is associated with increased serum cholesterol levels. However, how testosterone deficiency precisely affects cholesterol metabolism remains unclear. Therefore, in the current study, we examined the effect of testosterone deficiency on cholesterol metabolism and liver gene expression in pigs fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet.MethodsSexually mature male miniature pigs (6-7 months old) were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: intact male pigs fed an HFC diet (IM+HFC), castrated male pigs fed an HFC diet (CM+HFC), and castrated pigs with testosterone replacement fed an HFC diet (CM+HFC+T). Serum testosterone levels and lipid profiles were measured, and gene expression levels associated with hepatic cholesterol metabolism were determined. Furthermore, total hepatic cholesterol contents and the activities of enzymes mediating hepatic cholesterol metabolism were measured.ResultsSerum testosterone levels were significantly decreased in CM+HFC pigs, and testosterone replacement attenuated castration-induced testosterone deficiency. Castration significantly increased the serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as hepatic lipid contents in pigs fed an HFC diet. Compared with IM+HFC and CM+HFC+T pigs, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA expression and protein levels were significantly decreased in the livers of CM+HFC pigs. In contrast, we found that compared with IM+HFC pigs, hepatic proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA and serum PCSK9 protein levels were significantly increased in CM+HFC pigs. Moreover, testosterone treatment reversed the increase in PCSK9 expression in CM+HFC pigs. However, neither castration nor testosterone replacement affected the expression of the other hepatic genes that were tested.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that castration-induced testosterone deficiency caused severe hypercholesterolemia in pigs fed an HFC diet; furthermore, these effects could be reversed by testosterone replacement therapy. Altered hepatic PCSK9 and LDLR expression, resulting in reduced LDL-cholesterol clearance, may contribute to the increased serum cholesterol levels induced by testosterone deficiency and an HFC diet. These results deepen our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of testosterone deficiency on cholesterol metabolism.

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Characterization of juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum EM and its cholesterol-lowering effects on rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet.

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Characterization of juice fermented with <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> EM and its cholesterol-lowering effects on rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet.

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