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A novel wheat lodging resistance evaluation method and device based on the thrust force of the stalks.

ABSTRACT: Wind speed is the most essential factor causing wheat lodging. Accurate understanding of the wind speed characteristics at near-surface layer of wheat fields and its effect on lodging is the basis of objective evaluation of wheat lodging resistance. In this paper, the characteristics of wind speed at the near-surface layer of wheat fields and their impact on lodging were studied. A new device was proposed for directly measuring the critical thrust force of wheat population lodging resistance in the field based on the black box method. A novel wheat stem lodging resistance evaluation method/model was established based on the critical thrust force of wheat population stem lodging and the wind speed characteristics of field near-surface layer. The method used the lodging critical wind speed as the index of wheat lodging resistance, which was verified by wind tunnel and field experiment. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the critical wind speed of wheat lodging resistance and its critical thrust force. The values of wheat canopy apparent roughness length, wind attack angle, ventilation coefficient and other wind field characteristics had important effects on the calculation of wheat lodging resistance critical wind speed. The method can eliminate bias when calculating wheat lodging resistance by considering only one or a few indicators and the results of field lodging evaluation were consistent with those of field lodging survey. The method is simple and can be used to assess the lodging resistance of wheat, select extension regions for wheat varieties, and evaluate lodging factors in the field.

SUBMITTER: Feng S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6850715 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A novel wheat lodging resistance evaluation method and device based on the thrust force of the stalks.

Feng Suwei S Kong Dechuan D Ding Weihua W Ru Zhengang Z Li Gan G Niu Liyuan L

PloS one 20191112 11

Wind speed is the most essential factor causing wheat lodging. Accurate understanding of the wind speed characteristics at near-surface layer of wheat fields and its effect on lodging is the basis of objective evaluation of wheat lodging resistance. In this paper, the characteristics of wind speed at the near-surface layer of wheat fields and their impact on lodging were studied. A new device was proposed for directly measuring the critical thrust force of wheat population lodging resistance in ...[more]

PMID: 31714911

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Project description:BackgroundStalk lodging (breakage of plant stems prior to harvest) is a major problem for both farmers and plant breeders. A limiting factor in addressing this problem is the lack of a reliable method for phenotyping stalk strength. Previous methods of phenotyping stalk strength induce failure patterns different from those observed in natural lodging events. This paper describes a new device for field-based phenotyping of stalk strength called "DARLING" (device for assessing resistance to lodging in grains). The DARLING apparatus consists of a vertical arm which is connected to a horizontal footplate by a hinge. The operator places the device next to a stalk, aligns the stalk with a force sensor, steps on the footplate, and then pushes the vertical arm forward until the stalk breaks. Force and rotation are continuously recorded during the test and these quantities are used to calculate two quantities: stalk flexural stiffness and stalk bending strength.ResultsField testing of DARLING was performed at multiple sites. Validation was based upon several factors. First, the device induces the characteristic "crease" or Brazier buckling failure patterns observed in naturally lodged stalks. Second, in agreement with prior research, flexural rigidity values attained using the DARLING apparatus are strongly correlated with bending strength measurements. Third, flexural stiffness and bending strength values obtained with DARLING are in agreement with laboratory-based stiffness and strength values for corn stalks. Finally, a paired specimen experimental design was used to determine that the flexural data obtained with DARLING is in agreement with laboratory-based flexural testing results of the same specimens. DARLING was also deployed in the field to assess phenotyping throughput (# of stalks phenotyped per hour). Over approximately 5000 tests, the average testing rate was found to be 210 stalks/h.ConclusionsThe DARLING apparatus provides a quantitative assessment of stalk strength in a field setting. It induces the same failure patterns observed in natural lodging events. DARLING can also be used to perform non-destructive flexural tests. This technology has many applications, including breeding, genetic studies on stalk strength, longitudinal studies of stalk flexural stiffness, and risk assessment of lodging propensity.

Project description:BackgroundStalk lodging (breaking of agricultural plant stalks prior to harvest) is a multi-billion dollar a year problem. Rind penetration resistance tests have been used by plant scientists and breeders to estimate the stalk lodging resistance of maize for nearly a hundred years. However, the rind puncture method has two key limitations: (1) the predictive power of the test decreases significantly when measuring elite or pre-commercial hybrids, and (2) using rind penetration measurements as a breeding metric does not necessarily create stronger stalks. In this study, we present a new rind penetration method called the Integrated Puncture Score, which uses a modified rind penetration testing protocol and a physics-based model to provide a robust measure of stalk lodging resistance.ResultsTwo datasets, one with a diverse array of maize hybrids and one with only elite hybrids, were evaluated by comparing traditional rind penetration testing and the Integrated Puncture Score method to measurements of stalk bending strength. When evaluating the diverse set of hybrids, both methods were good predictors of stalk bending strength (R2 values of 0.67). However, when evaluating elite hybrids, the Integrated Puncture Score had an R2 value of 0.74 whereas the traditional method had an R2 value of 0.48. Additionally, the Integrated Puncture Score was able to differentiate between the strongest and weakest hybrids in the elite hybrid data set whereas the traditional rind penetration method was not. Additional experiments revealed strong evidence in favor of the data aggregation steps utilized to compute the Integrated Puncture Score.ConclusionsThis study presents a new method for evaluating rind penetration resistance that highly correlates with stalk bending strength and can possibly be used as a breeding index for assessing stalk lodging resistance. This research lays the foundation required to develop a field-based high-throughput phenotyping device for stalk lodging resistance.

Project description:Intense cultivation with narrow row spacing in wheat, a common practice in the Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia, renders the crop more susceptible to lodging during physiological maturity. This susceptibility, compounded by the use of traditional crop cultivars, has led to a substantial decline in overall crop productivity. In response to these challenges, a two-year field study on the system of wheat intensification (SWI) was conducted. The study involved three different cultivation methods in horizontal plots and four wheat genotypes in vertical plots, organized in a strip plot design. Our results exhibited that adoption of SWI at 20 cm × 20 cm resulted in significantly higher intercellular CO2 concentration (5.9-6.3%), transpiration rate (13.2-15.8%), stomatal conductance (55-59%), net photosynthetic rate (126-160%), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception (1.6-25.2%) over the existing conventional method (plant geometry 22.5 cm × continuous plant to plant spacing) of wheat cultivation. The lodging resistance capacity of both the lower and upper 3rd nodes was significantly higher in the SWI compared to other cultivation methods. Among different genotypes, HD 2967 demonstrated the highest recorded value for lodging resistance capacity, followed by HD 2851, HD 3086, and HD 2894. In addition, adoption of the SWI at 20 cm × 20 cm enhanced crop grain yield by 36.9-41.6%, and biological yield by 27.5-29.8%. Significantly higher soil dehydrogenase activity (12.06 μg TPF g-1 soil hr-1), arylsulfatase activity (82.8 μg p-nitro phenol g-1 soil hr-1), alkaline phosphatase activity (3.11 n moles ethylene g-1 soil hr-1), total polysaccharides, soil microbial biomass carbon, and soil chlorophyll content were also noted under SWI over conventional method of the production. Further, increased root volumes, surface root density and higher NPK uptake were recorded under SWI at 20×20 cm in comparison to rest of the treatments. Among the tested wheat genotypes, HD-2967 and HD-3086 had demonstrated notable increases in grain and biological yields, as well as improvements in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and chlorophyll content. Therefore, adoption of SWI at 20 cm ×20 cm (square planting) with cultivars HD 2967 might be the best strategy for enhancing crop productivity and resource-use efficiency under the similar wheat growing conditions of India and similar agro-ecotypes of the globe.

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A novel wheat lodging resistance evaluation method and device based on the thrust force of the stalks.

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A novel wheat lodging resistance evaluation method and device based on the thrust force of the stalks.

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