Reduced cerebellar gray matter is a neural signature of physical frailty.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chen WT
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6869536 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Reduced cerebellar gray matter is a neural signature of physical frailty.
Chen Wei-Ta WT Chou Kun-Hsien KH Liu Li-Kuo LK Lee Pei-Lin PL Lee Wei-Ju WJ Chen Liang-Kung LK Wang Pei-Ning PN Lin Ching-Po CP
Human brain mapping 20150619 9
Physical frailty has been recognized as a clinical syndrome resulting from declines in various physiological systems; however, the role of the central nervous system in the pathophysiology of frailty remains unclear. The I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study randomly sampled community-dwelling people aged 50 or older for a brain magnetic resonance imaging study. All participants were assessed for frailty status (robust, prefrail, and frail) based on the presence of five frailty components: slow walking ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:ObjectiveChefs exert expert motor and cognitive performances on a daily basis. Neuroimaging has clearly shown that that long-term skill learning (i.e., athletes, musicians, chess player or sommeliers) induces plastic changes in the brain thus enabling tasks to be performed faster and more accurately. How a chef's expertise is embodied in a specific neural network has never been investigated.MethodsEleven Italian head chefs with long-term brigade management expertise and 11 demographically-/ psychologically- matched non-experts underwent morphological evaluations.ResultsVoxel-based analysis performed with SUIT, as well as, automated volumetric measurement assessed with Freesurfer, revealed increased gray matter volume in the cerebellum in chefs compared to non-experts. The most significant changes were detected in the anterior vermis and the posterior cerebellar lobule. The magnitude of the brigade staff and the higher performance in the Tower of London test correlated with these specific gray matter increases, respectively.ConclusionsWe found that chefs are characterized by an anatomical variability involving the cerebellum. This confirms the role of this region in the development of similar expert brains characterized by learning dexterous skills, such as pianists, rock climbers and basketball players. However, the nature of the cellular events underlying the detected morphological differences remains an open question.
| S-EPMC5300254 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is recognized as a primary cause of disability worldwide, and effective management of this illness has been a great challenge. While genetic component is supposed to play pivotal roles in MDD pathogenesis, the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the illness has hampered the discovery of its genetic determinants. In this study, in an independent Han Chinese sample (1824 MDD cases and 3031 controls), we conducted replication analyses of two genetic loci highlighted in a previous Chinese MDD genome-wide association study (GWAS), and confirmed the significant association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12415800 near SIRT1. Subsequently, using hypothesis-free whole-brain analysis in two independent Han Chinese imaging samples, we found that individuals carrying the MDD risk allele of rs12415800 exhibited aberrant gray matter volume in the left posterior cerebellar lobe compared with those carrying the non-risk allele. Besides, in independent Han Chinese postmortem brain and peripheral blood samples, the MDD risk allele of rs12415800 predicted lower SIRT1 mRNA levels, which was consistent with the reduced expression of this gene in MDD patients compared with healthy subjects. These results provide further evidence for the involvement of SIRT1 in MDD, and suggest that this gene might participate in the illness via affecting the development of cerebellum, a brain region that is potentially underestimated in previous MDD studies.
| S-EPMC6901563 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimA substantial portion of children and adolescents show subthreshold psychotic symptoms called psychotic experience (PE). Because PE shares its biological and environmental risk factors with psychotic spectrum disorders, parental neuroanatomical variation could reflect a heritable biological underpinning of PE that may predict an offspring's PE.MethodsA total of 94 participants from 35 families without a diagnosis of major neuropsychiatric disorders were examined, including 14 mother-daughter, 17 mother-son, 12 father-daughter, and 16 father-son dyads. An offspring's PE was assessed with the Atypicality subscale of the Behavior Assessment System for Children - 2nd Edition, Self-Report of Personality form (BASCaty). We examined correlations between voxel-by-voxel parental gray matter volume and their offspring's BASCaty score.ResultsMaternal cerebellar gray matter volume using voxel-based morphometry was positively correlated with their daughters' BASCaty scores. The findings were significant in a more robust approach using cerebellum-specific normalization known. We did not find significant correlation between paternal gray matter volume and BASCaty scores or between offspring gray matter volumes and their BASCaty scores.ConclusionExpanding upon parent-of-origin effects in psychosis, maternal neuroanatomical variation was associated with daughters' PE. The nature of this sex-specific intergenerational effect is unknown, but maternally transmitted genes may relate cerebellum development to PE pathogenesis.
| S-EPMC7424852 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Neuroanatomical differences in the cerebellum are among the most consistent findings in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but little is known about the relationship between cerebellar dysfunction and core ASD symptoms. The newly-emerging existence of cerebellar sensorimotor and cognitive subregions provides a new framework for interpreting the functional significance of cerebellar findings in ASD. Here we use two complementary analyses - whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and the SUIT cerebellar atlas - to investigate cerebellar regional gray matter (GM) and volumetric lobular measurements in 35 children with ASD and 35 typically-developing (TD) children (mean age 10.4 ± 1.6 years; range 8-13 years). To examine the relationships between cerebellar structure and core ASD symptoms, correlations were calculated between scores on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI) and the VBM and volumetric data. Both VBM and the SUIT analyses revealed reduced GM in ASD children in cerebellar lobule VII (Crus I/II). The degree of regional and lobular gray matter reductions in different cerebellar subregions correlated with the severity of symptoms in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Structural differences and behavioral correlations converged on right cerebellar Crus I/II, a region which shows structural and functional connectivity with fronto-parietal and default mode networks. These results emphasize the importance of the location within the cerebellum to the potential functional impact of structural differences in ASD, and suggest that GM differences in cerebellar right Crus I/II are associated with the core ASD profile.
| S-EPMC4375648 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPrevious studies reported that reduced gray matter volume (GMV) was associated with violent-related behaviors. However, the previous studies were conducted on adults and no study has studied the association between GMV and violent behaviors on adolescents. The purpose of the study was to investigate GMV's effects in adolescent violent offenders based on a Chinese Han population, which can address the problem of possible confounding factors in adult studies.MethodsWe recruited 30 male adolescent violent offenders and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Differences in both whole-brain and GMV were evaluated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). We assessed the accuracy of VBM using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and discriminant analysis.ResultsCompared with HCs, the male adolescent offenders showed significantly reduced GMV in five cortical and subcortical brain regions, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobe in the left hemisphere, as well as the right superior temporal gyrus. Both ROC curve and discriminate analyses showed that these regions had relatively high sensitivities (58.6%-89.7%) and specificities (58.1%-74.2%) with 76.7% classification accuracy.ConclusionsOur results indicated that reduced volume in the frontal-temporal-parietal-subcortical circuit may be closely related to violent behaviors in male adolescents, which might be an important biomarker for detecting violent behaviors in male adolescents.
| S-EPMC6730529 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The cerebellum is an important region responsible for adolescent cognitive function and sleep, and their correlation is expected to show different patterns depending on age and gender. We examined the regional cerebellar gray matter volume (GMV), executive function (EF) and insomnia symptoms to identify their correlation and gender differences in adolescents. Data for a total of 55 subjects' (M?=?31, F?=?24, 14.80?±?1.39 years old) were analyzed. The correlations between cerebellar regional GMV and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) subcategories showed that EF was better with larger GMV both in males and females. Far more overall correlations with cerebellar regions were observed in boys, with corresponding correlation strength being higher, and differences in localization were also observed in contrast to girls. Larger cerebellar GMV corresponded to better EF in adolescents. Insomnia did not influence the correlations between cerebellar regional GMV and EF, but more severe insomnia in boys correlated to smaller GMV in the right flocculonodular lobe. These results might implicate that the adolescent cerebellum is involved differently in EF dependent on gender.
| S-EPMC6351545 | biostudies-other
Project description:IntroductionNicotine dependence (ND) is a chronic, relapsing mental disorder characterized by compulsive cigarette seeking and smoking. Although the cerebellum plays an increasingly implicated role in ND, the exact cerebellar alterations in ND remain unclear. Identifying the localization of these cerebellar abnormalities in ND may help to further understand the role of the cerebellum in ND. Thus, we investigated the structural and functional alterations in the cerebellum in a large sample of smokers using the spatially unbiased infratentorial template (SUIT).MethodsHigh-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 85 smokers and 41 nonsmokers. We applied voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and the SUIT cerebellar atlas to compare the cerebellar gray matter (GM) volume between smokers and nonsmokers. Using resting-state functional MRI data, we also performed seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis to examine the functional correlates of the GM volume changes.ResultsBoth VBM and lobular analyses revealed smaller GM volume in the bilateral Crus I in smokers. The GM volume of the left Crus I was inversely correlated with the severity of nicotine dependence as assessed by Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (r = -.268, p = .013). We also found reduced FC between the bilateral Crus I and brain regions involved in the default mode network and motor system, as well as the frontal and temporal cortex in smokers.ConclusionsOur results indicate that decreased cerebellar GM volume and corticocerebellar FC are associated with ND, and these may underlie the core ND phenotypes, including automatized smoking behavior, cognitive, and emotional deficits.ImplicationsAs smoking remains a worldwide public health problem, identifying the related neural alterations may help to understand the pathophysiology of ND. Based on previous findings in the cerebellum, we investigated the localization of the GM differences and related FC changes in ND subjects. Our findings highlight altered corticocerebellar circuits in ND, suggesting an association between the cerebellum and the phenotypes of ND.
| S-EPMC6251678 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and Purpose: Previous studies of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) have found that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit gray matter alterations, but these findings are inconsistent and have not been quantitatively reviewed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of VBM studies of patients with T2DM. Materials and Methods: The seed-based d mapping method was applied to quantitatively estimate the regional gray matter abnormalities in T2DM patients. We also used meta-regression to explore the effects of some demographics and clinical characteristics. Results: Seven studies, with 8 datasets comprising 530 participants with T2DM and 549 non-T2DM controls, were included. The pooled and subgroup meta-analyses found that T2DM patients showed robustly reduced gray matter in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, medial superior frontal gyrus, insula, median cingulate cortex, precuneus cortex and the left lentiform nucleus extending into the parahippocampus. The meta-regression also found that the percentage of female patients with T2DM was negatively associated with gray matter in the right superior temporal gyrus and illness duration was negatively associated with gray matter in the right middle temporal gyrus. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicates that T2DM patients have significantly and robustly reduced gray matter mainly in the cortical-striatal-limbic networks, which are associated with human cognition. Thereby implicating this finding in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in T2DM patients.
| S-EPMC5439076 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveWe evaluated regional brain volumes and cerebral metabolite levels as correlates of HIV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 35 HIV+ subjects aged ?40 years (25 with detectable PBMC HIV DNA; 10 with HIV DNA <10 copies/10(6) cells, the threshold of detection) and 12 seronegative controls underwent structural brain MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T. HIV+ subjects were on combination antiretroviral therapy ?1 year; all but 1 had plasma HIV RNA <50 copies/mL. We used logistic regression to evaluate relationships of likely predictor variables to the outcome of PBMC HIV DNA detectability in the HIV+ subjects. Effects of serostatus and HIV DNA on regional brain volumes (normalized to intracranial volume) and on metabolite ratios over creatine were evaluated by analyses of covariance, controlling for age.ResultsRelative to the HIV+ group with undetectable HIV DNA, subjects with detectable HIV DNA demonstrated decreased volumes of cerebellar (-14%, p = 0.020) and total subcortical (-10%, p = 0.024) gray matter. Compared to healthy controls, only the detectable HIV DNA group showed significant (p < 0.05) enlargement of lateral ventricles and volumetric reductions of caudate, putamen, thalamus, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, brainstem, total cortical gray matter, and cerebral white matter. Detectable HIV DNA was not associated with significantly altered cerebral metabolite levels.ConclusionInability to clear peripheral blood of HIV DNA is associated with regional brain atrophy in well-controlled HIV infection, supporting the involvement of peripheral viral reservoirs in the neuropathogenesis of persistent HIV-related neurocognitive disorders.
| S-EPMC3719430 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nicotine modulates prefrontal processing when tested with functional imaging. Previous studies on changes in regional brain volumes in small samples, reporting different life-time exposure to nicotine, identified reduced volume in smokers in prefrontal areas but reported controversial results for other areas. We investigated the association of cigarette smoking and regional gray and white matter volume by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) for T1-weighted high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in 315 current-smokers and 659 never-smokers from the representative Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Our study showed that in current-smokers smoking is significantly associated with gray matter volume loss in the prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the insula, and the olfactory gyrus. White matter volumes were not relevantly reduced in current-smokers. In current-smokers, we found associations of gray matter loss and smoking exposure (pack-years) in the prefrontal cortex, the anterior and middle cingulate cortex, and the superior temporal and angular gyrus, which however did not stand corrections for multiple testing. We confirmed associations between smoking and gray matter differences in the prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex and the insula in the general population of Pomerania (Germany). For the first time, we identified differences in brain volumes in the olfactory gyrus. Other cerebral regions did not show significant differences when correcting for multiple comparisons within the whole brain. The regions of structural deficits might be involved in addictive behavior and withdrawal symptoms, whereas further investigations have to show if the observed atrophies were caused by smoking itself or are preexisting differences between smoking and non-smoking individuals.
| S-EPMC4207339 | biostudies-other