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White matter maturation in visual and motor areas predicts the latency of visual activation in children.

ABSTRACT: In humans, white matter maturation is important for the improvement of cognitive function and performance with age. Across studies the variables of white matter maturity and age are highly correlated; however, the unique contributions of white matter to information processing speed remain relatively unknown. We investigated the relations between the speed of the visually-evoked P100m response and the biophysical properties of white matter in 11 healthy children performing a simple, visually-cued finger movement. We found that: (1) the latency of the early, visually-evoked response was related to the integrity of white matter in both visual and motor association areas and (2) white matter maturation in these areas accounted for the variations in visual processing speed, independent of age. Our study is a novel investigation of spatial-temporal dynamics in the developing brain and provides evidence that white matter maturation accounts for age-related decreases in the speed of visual response. Developmental models of cortical specialization should incorporate the unique role of white matter maturation in mediating changes in performance during tasks involving visual processing.

SUBMITTER: Dockstader C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6870090 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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White matter maturation in visual and motor areas predicts the latency of visual activation in children.

Dockstader Colleen C Gaetz William W Rockel Conrad C Mabbott Donald J DJ

Human brain mapping 20110322 1

In humans, white matter maturation is important for the improvement of cognitive function and performance with age. Across studies the variables of white matter maturity and age are highly correlated; however, the unique contributions of white matter to information processing speed remain relatively unknown. We investigated the relations between the speed of the visually-evoked P100m response and the biophysical properties of white matter in 11 healthy children performing a simple, visually-cued ...[more]

PMID: 21432944

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Project description:Highlights • Cases were children cooled for neonatal encephalopathy, without cerebral palsy.• Controls were matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status.• In cases, tract-level fractional anisotropy correlated with motor performance.• Graph-theoretic properties of structural networks correlated with motor performance.• Connections to frontal lobe regions were associated with motor performance. Therapeutic hypothermia reduces the incidence of severe motor disability, such as cerebral palsy, following neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. However, cooled children without cerebral palsy at school-age demonstrate motor deficits and altered white matter connectivity. In this study, we used diffusion-weighted imaging to investigate the relationship between white matter connectivity and motor performance, measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, in children aged 6–8 years treated with therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy at birth, who did not develop cerebral palsy (cases), and matched typically developing controls. Correlations between total motor scores and diffusion properties in major white matter tracts were assessed in 33 cases and 36 controls. In cases, significant correlations (FDR-corrected P < 0.05) were found in the anterior thalamic radiation bilaterally (left: r = 0.513; right: r = 0.488), the cingulate gyrus part of the left cingulum (r = 0.588), the hippocampal part of the left cingulum (r = 0.541), and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus bilaterally (left: r = 0.445; right: r = 0.494). No significant correlations were found in controls. We then constructed structural connectivity networks, for 22 cases and 32 controls, in which nodes represent brain regions and edges were determined by probabilistic tractography and weighted by fractional anisotropy. Analysis of whole-brain network metrics revealed correlations (FDR-corrected P < 0.05), in cases, between total motor scores and average node strength (r = 0.571), local efficiency (r = 0.664), global efficiency (r = 0.677), clustering coefficient (r = 0.608), and characteristic path length (r = -0.652). No significant correlations were found in controls. We then investigated edge-level association with motor function using the network-based statistic. This revealed subnetworks which exhibited group differences in the association between motor outcome and edge weights, for total motor scores (P = 0.0109) as well as for balance (P = 0.0245) and manual dexterity (P = 0.0233) domain scores. All three of these subnetworks comprised numerous frontal lobe regions known to be associated with motor function, including the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. The subnetwork associated with total motor scores was highly left-lateralised. These findings demonstrate an association between impaired motor function and brain organisation in school-age children treated with therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.

Project description:IntroductionSchool-aged children experience crucial developmental changes in white matter (WM) in adolescence. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects neurodevelopment. Children living with perinatally acquired HIV (CPHIVs) demonstrate hearing and neurocognitive impairments when compared to their uninfected peers (CHUUs), but investigations into the central auditory system (CAS) WM integrity are lacking. The integration of the CAS and other brain areas is facilitated by WM fibers whose integrity may be affected in the presence of HIV, contributing to neurocognitive impairments.MethodsWe used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography to map the microstructural integrity of WM between CAS regions, including the lateral lemniscus and acoustic radiation, as well as between CAS regions and non-auditory regions of 11-year-old CPHIVs. We further employed a DTI-based graph theoretical framework to investigate the nodal strength and efficiency of the CAS and other brain regions in the structural brain network of the same population. Finally, we investigated associations between WM microstructural integrity outcomes and neurocognitive outcomes related to auditory and language processing. We hypothesized that compared to the CHUU group, the CPHIV group would have lower microstructural in the CAS and related regions.ResultsOur analyses showed higher mean diffusivity (MD), a marker of axonal maturation, in the lateral lemniscus and acoustic radiations, as well as WM between the CAS and non-auditory regions predominantly in frontotemporal areas. Most affected WM connections also showed higher axial and radial diffusivity (AD and RD, respectively). There were no differences in the nodal properties of the CAS regions between groups. The MD of frontotemporal and subcortical WM-connected CAS regions, including the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and internal capsule showed negative associations with sequential processing in the CPHIV group but not in the CHUU group.DiscussionThe current results point to reduced axonal maturation in WM, marked by higher MD, AD, and RD, within and from the CAS. Furthermore, alterations in WM integrity were associated with sequential processing, a neurocognitive marker of auditory working memory. Our results provide insights into the microstructural integrity of the CAS and related WM in the presence of HIV and link these alterations to auditory working memory.

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White matter maturation in visual and motor areas predicts the latency of visual activation in children.

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White matter maturation in visual and motor areas predicts the latency of visual activation in children.

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