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Mitochondrial genome of Chinese grass shrimp, Palaemonetes sinensis and comparison with other Palaemoninae species.

ABSTRACT: The mitogenome of Chinese grass shrimp, Palaemonetes sinensis, was determined through Illumina sequencing, and the basic characteristics and gene arrangement were analyzed. The mitogenome of P. sinensis was 15955 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and one control region, with tightly packed. 33 of these genes were encoded on the heavy strand, and the remainders encoded on the light strand. The composition of P. sinensis mitogenome presented a strong A + T bias, which account for 66.7%. All PCGs were initiated by a canonical ATN codon, except nad5, which was initiated by GTG. The termination codons of the PCGs were TAA, TAG and T-. The secondary structures of 22 tRNAs of P. sinensis had the typical clover structure, except of trnS1 owing to the lack of dihydroxyuridine (DHU) arm. Gene order comparison of P. sinensis and previously-sequenced Palaemoninae revealed a unique translocation between trnT and trnP in Macrobrachium. The phylogenetic analyses showed that three Exopalaemon species formed a monophyletic group and then clustered with two Palaemon species and P. sinensis successively whereas Macrobrachium clustered with Palaemon capensis in the other clade.

SUBMITTER: Zhao Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6872720 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundChinese grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis) is an important species widely distributed throughout China, which is ecologically relevant and possesses ornamental and economic value. These organisms have experienced a sharp decline in population due to overfishing. Therefore interest in P. sinensis aquaculture has risen in an effort to alleviate fishing pressure on wild populations. Therefore, we investigated the genetic diversity and variation of P. sinensis to verify the accuracy of previous research results, as well as to assess the risk of diversity decline in wild populations and provide data for artificial breeding.MethodsPalaemonetes sinensis specimens from seven locations were collected and their genetic variability was assessed based on mitochondrial COI gene segments. DNA sequence polymorphisms for each population were estimated using DNASP 6.12. The demographic history and genetic variation were evaluated using Arlequin 3.11. At last, the pairwise genetic distance (Ds) values and dendrograms were constructed with the MEGA 11 software package.ResultsOur study obtained sequences from 325 individuals, and 41 haplotypes were identified among the populations. The haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) indices ranged from 0.244 ± 0.083 to 0.790 ± 0.048 and from 0.0004 ± 0.0001 to 0.0028 ± 0.0006, respectively. Haplotype network analyses identified haplotype Hap_1 as a potential maternal ancestral haplotype for the studied populations. AMOVA results indicated that genetic variations mainly occurred within populations (73.07%). Moreover, according to the maximum variation among groups (FCT), analysis of molecular variance using the optimal two-group scheme indicated that the maximum variation occurred among groups (53.36%). Neutrality and mismatch distribution tests suggested that P. sinensis underwent a recent population expansion. Consistent with the SAMOVA analysis and haplotype network analyses, the Ds and FST between the population pairs indicated that the JN population was distinctive from the others.ConclusionsOur study conducted a comprehensive characterization of seven wild P. sinensis populations, and our findings elucidated highly significant differences within populations. The JN population was differentiated from the other six populations, as a result of long-term geographical separation. Overall, the present study provided a valuable basis for the management of genetic resources and a better understanding of the ecology and evolution of this species.

Project description:Environmental hypoxia represents a major physiological challenge for Eriocheir sinensis and Palaemonetes sinensis and is a severe problem in aquaculture. Therefore, understanding the metabolic response mechanisms of E. sinensis and P. sinensis, which are economically important species, to environmental hypoxia and reoxygenation is essential. However, little is known about the intrinsic mechanisms by which E. sinensis and P. sinensis cope with environmental hypoxia at the metabolic level. Hypoxia-reoxygenation represents an important physiological challenge for their culture. In this study, respiratory metabolism and respiratory metabolic enzymes of E. sinensis and P. sinensis were evaluated after different hypoxia and reoxygenation times. The results showed that environmental hypoxia had a dramatic influence on the respiratory metabolism and activities of related enzymes. The oxygen consumption rates (OCR) significantly increased as hypoxia time increased, while the ammonia excretion rate (AER) was significantly lower than that in the control group after 8 h hypoxia. The oxygen to nitrogen ratio (O:N) in the control group was <16, indicating that all the energy substrates were proteins. After environmental hypoxia, the O:N significantly increased, and the energy substrate shifted from protein to a protein-lipid mixture. The OCR, AER, and O:N did not restore to initial levels after 2 h or 12 h reoxygenation and was still the same as after 8 h hypoxia. As environmental hypoxia time increased, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) gradually decreased and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) gradually increased. Both SDH and LDH were gradually restored to normal levels after reoxygenation. Therefore, environmental hypoxia should be avoided as much as possible during aquaculture breeding of E. sinensis and P. sinensis. Further, since OCR will significantly increase after a short period of reoxygenation, secondary environmental hypoxia due to rapid consumption of oxygen should also be avoided in aquaculture.

Project description:BackgroundThe Chinese grass shrimp, Palaemonetes sinensis, is an economically important freshwater shrimp in China, and the study of genetic diversity and structure can positively contribute to the exploration of germplasm resources and assist in the understanding of P. sinensis aquaculture. Microsatellite markers are widely used in research of genetic backgrounds since it is considered an important molecular marker for the analyses of genetic diversity and structure. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure of wild P. sinensis populations in China using the polymorphic microsatellite makers from the transcriptome.ResultsSixteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for P. sinensis from transcriptome, and analyzed for differences in genetic diversity and structure in multiple wild P. sinensis populations in China. Totally of 319 individual shrimps from seven different populations were genotyped to find that allelic polymorphisms varied in two to thirteen alleles seen in the entire loci. Compared to other populations analyzed, the two populations including LD and SJ showed lower genetic diversity. Both the genetic distance (D) and Wrights fixation index (FST) comparing any two populations also indicated that LD and SJ populations differed from the other five populations. An UPGMA tree analysis showed three main clusters containing SJ, LD and other populations which were also confirmed using STRUCTURE analysis.ConclusionThis is the first study where polymorphic microsatellite markers from the transcriptome were used to analyze genetic diversity and structures of different wild P. sinensis populations. All the polymorphic microsatellite makers are believed useful for evaluating the extent of the genetic diversity and population structure of P. sinensis. Compared to the other five populations, the LD and SJ populations exhibited lower genetic diversity, and the genetic structure was differed from the other five populations. Therefore, they needed to be protected against further declines in genetic diversity. The other five populations, LP, LA, LSL, LSY and LSH, are all belonging to Liaohe River Drainage with a relatively high genetic diversity, and hence can be considered as hot spots for in-situ conservation of P. sinensis as well as sources of desirable alleles for breeding values.

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Mitochondrial genome of Chinese grass shrimp, Palaemonetes sinensis and comparison with other Palaemoninae species.

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