Dataset Information

Expectancies and reasons for use of e-cigarettes among young adults: A longitudinal analysis.

ABSTRACT: Use of electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, has increased exponentially in recent years. Mechanisms that might underlie this increase include expectancies and reasons for e-cigarette use. This study was designed to identify and evaluate changes in expectancies and reasons for e-cigarette use among young adults over time and to determine whether such changes were associated with changes in e-cigarette use. Data for these analyses were collected from a sample of 137 young adult e-cigarette users who completed electronic surveys 5 times over a 12-month period. Results yielded five e-cigarette use expectancy and reason factors: Affect-Related Reasons, Social Reasons, Positive Social Expectancies, Positive Internal Expectancies, and Negative Expectancies. Linear mixed models showed that Negative Expectancies significantly increased over time (p = .004), whereas Affect-Related Reasons significantly decreased over time (p = .001). Additional linear mixed models indicated that, whereas both frequency and quantity of e-cigarette use decreased over time, changes in Positive Internal Expectancies were positively associated with changes in frequency of e-cigarette use (p = .032) and changes in Positive Social Expectancies were positively associated with changes in both frequency (p = .007) and quantity (p = .026) of e-cigarette use. These findings suggest that young adults' expectancies and reasons for using e-cigarettes fluctuate over time, and changes in expectancies seem to be longitudinally associated with changes in e-cigarette use. Positive expectancies for e-cigarette use represent targets for clinical, prevention, and intervention efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

SUBMITTER: Correa JB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6889054 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Expectancies and reasons for use of e-cigarettes among young adults: A longitudinal analysis.

Correa John B JB Tully Lyric K LK Doran Neal N

Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors 20190919 8

Use of electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, has increased exponentially in recent years. Mechanisms that might underlie this increase include expectancies and reasons for e-cigarette use. This study was designed to identify and evaluate changes in expectancies and reasons for e-cigarette use among young adults over time and to determine whether such changes were associated with changes in e-cigarette use. Data for these analyses were collected from a sample of 137 young adult e-cigarette user ...[more]

PMID: 31535871

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Project description:Background: Young adults regularly using cannabis represent a uniquely vulnerable yet heterogeneous cohort. Few studies have examined user profiles using cannabis use motives and expectations. The association between user profiles and psychosocial functioning among only regular users remains unexplored. This exploration is important to improve public education efforts and design tailor treatment approaches. Methods: Regular cannabis users (at least weekly; n = 329) completed an online survey via Amazon Mechanical Turk. The survey measured levels of cannabis use, other substance use, motives and expectations of cannabis use, symptoms of psychosis, depression, anxiety and stress, and reckless behavior such as getting high before work or driving under the influence of cannabis. Latent class analysis was performed using motives and expectations to identify data driven patterns of regular cannabis use. Classes were then used to investigate mental health and behavioral correlates of differences in motives and expectations. Results: A 2-class solution provided the best fit to the data; Class 1: Low Motives and Expectancies (n = 158) characterized by lower endorsement across all motivation and expectation variables, and Class 2: High Motives and Expectancies (n = 171) characterized by endorsing multiple motivations, and higher positive and negative expectations of cannabis use. Classes differed in a range of cannabis use variables; e.g., greater proportion of peer use in Class 2. The High Motives and Expectancies users reported higher symptoms of psychosis (positive and negative symptoms), depression, anxiety, and stress. A higher proportion met the criteria for a cannabis use disorder compared with Low Motives and Expectancies users. High Motives and Expectancies users reported higher mean problems with nicotine dependence and illicit drug use other than cannabis and were more likely to get high before work and drive under the influence of cannabis. Conclusions: There is heterogeneity among young regular cannabis users in their motivations and expectancies of use and associated psychosocial functioning. Understanding motives and expectancies can help segregate which users are at higher risk of worse functioning. These findings are timely when designing targeted assessment and treatment strategies, particularly as cannabis is further decriminalized and accessibility increases.

Project description:ImportanceElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most commonly used tobacco product among adolescents and young adults, and the new pod-based e-cigarette devices may put adolescents and young adults at increased risk for polytobacco use and nicotine dependence.ObjectiveTo build an evidence base for perceptions of risk from and use of pod-based e-cigarettes among adolescents and young adults.Design, setting, and participantsIn a survey study, a cross-sectional analysis was performed of data collected from April 6 to June 20, 2018, from 445 California adolescents and young adults as part of an ongoing prospective cohort study designed to measure the use and perceptions of tobacco products.ExposuresUse of pod-based e-cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes.Main outcomes and measuresEver use, past 7-day use, and past 30-day use and co-use of pod-based e-cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes; use of flavors and nicotine in pod-based e-cigarettes and e-cigarettes; and associated perceptions of risks, benefits, and nicotine dependence.ResultsAmong 445 adolescents and young adults (280 females, 140 males, 6 transgender individuals, and 19 missing data; mean [SD] age, 19.3 [1.7] years) who completed wave 6 of the ongoing prospective cohort study, ever use information was provided by 437 respondents, of which 68 (15.6%) reported use of pod-based e-cigarettes, 133 (30.4%) reported use of e-cigarettes, and 106 (24.3%) reported use of cigarettes. The mean (SD) number of days that pod-based e-cigarettes were used in the past 7 days was 1.5 (2.4) and in the past 30 days was 6.7 (10.0). The mean (SD) number of days that other e-cigarettes were used in the past 7 days was 0.8 (1.8) and in the past 30 days was 3.2 (7.4). The mean (SD) number of days that cigarettes were used in the past 7 days was 0.7 (1.8) and in the past 30 days was 3.0 (7.6). Among ever users of pod-based e-cigarettes, 18 (26.5%) reported their first e-liquid was flavored menthol or mint and 19 (27.9%) reported fruit (vs 13 [9.8%] and 50 [37.6%] for other e-cigarettes). The mean perceived chance of experiencing social risks and short-term and long-term health risks from the use of either pod-based e-cigarettes or other e-cigarettes was 40% and did not differ statistically by e-cigarette type. Among 34 adolescents and young adults reporting any loss of autonomy from nicotine, there was no difference in mean (SD) Hooked On Nicotine Checklist scores between those using pod-based e-cigarettes (2.59 [3.14]) and other e-cigarettes (2.32 [2.55]).Conclusions and relevanceUse by adolescents and young adults of newer types of e-cigarettes such as pod-based systems is increasing rapidly, and adolescents and young adults report corresponding misperceptions and lack of knowledge about these products. Rapid innovation by e-cigarette manufacturers suggests that public health and prevention efforts appear to be needed to include messages targeting components common to all current and emerging e-cigarette products to increase knowledge and decrease misperceptions, with the goal to try to ultimately reduce e-cigarette use among adolescents and young adults.

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Dataset Information

Expectancies and reasons for use of e-cigarettes among young adults: A longitudinal analysis.

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Expectancies and reasons for use of e-cigarettes among young adults: A longitudinal analysis.

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