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Epigenetic and Cellular Diversity in the Brain through Allele-Specific Effects.

ABSTRACT: The benefits of diploidy are considered to involve masking partially recessive mutations and increasing genetic diversity. Here, we review new studies showing evidence for diverse allele-specific expression and epigenetic states in mammalian brain cells, which suggest that diploidy expands the landscape of gene regulatory and expression programs in cells. Allele-specific expression has been thought to be restricted to a few specific classes of genes. However, new studies show novel genomic imprinting effects that are brain-region-, cell-type- and age-dependent. In addition, novel forms of random monoallelic expression that impact many autosomal genes have been described in vitro and in vivo. We discuss the implications for understanding the benefits of diploidy, and the mechanisms shaping brain development, function, and disease.

SUBMITTER: Huang WC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6894173 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Epigenetic and Cellular Diversity in the Brain through Allele-Specific Effects.

Huang Wei-Chao WC Bennett Kathleen K Gregg Christopher C

Trends in neurosciences 20180808 12

The benefits of diploidy are considered to involve masking partially recessive mutations and increasing genetic diversity. Here, we review new studies showing evidence for diverse allele-specific expression and epigenetic states in mammalian brain cells, which suggest that diploidy expands the landscape of gene regulatory and expression programs in cells. Allele-specific expression has been thought to be restricted to a few specific classes of genes. However, new studies show novel genomic impri ...[more]

PMID: 30098802

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