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CD105 Is Expressed in Ovarian Cancer Precursor Lesions and Is Required for Metastasis to the Ovary.

ABSTRACT: : Most high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSCs) initiate from the fallopian tube epithelium and then metastasize to the ovary and throughout the abdomen. Genomic analyses suggest that most HGSCs seed the ovary prior to abdominal dissemination. Similarly, animal models support a critical role for the ovary in driving abdominal dissemination. Thus, HGSC cell recruitment to the ovary appears to be a critical component of HGSC cell metastasis. We sought to identify factors driving HGSC recruitment to the ovary. We identified CD105 (endoglin, or ENG, a TGF- receptor family member) as a mediator of HGSC cell ovarian recruitment. We found that CD105 was expressed on both serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) cells (STICs-HGSC precursors in the fallopian tube epithelium) and HGSC cells. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), we showed that high CD105 expression by HGSC cells correlated with a metastatic signature. Furthermore, intravenous injection of CD105(+) HGSC tumor cells, but not CD105(-), resulted in ovarian-specific metastasis and abdominal dissemination of disease. CD105 knockdown or blockade with a clinically relevant CD105-neutralizing mAb (TRC105), inhibited HGSC metastasis, reduced ascites, and impeded growth of abdominal tumor nodules, thereby improving overall survival in animal models of ovarian cancer. CD105 knockdown was associated with a reduction in TGF-signaling. Together, our data support CD105 as a critical mediator of ovarian cancer spread to the ovary and implicate it as a potential therapeutic target.

SUBMITTER: Bai S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6896092 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:PurposeThe current paradigm in the development of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) proposes that the majority of HGSCs arise from precursor serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) lesions of the fallopian tube. Here we survey genome-wide methylation in HGSC precursor lesions to identify genomic regions that exhibit high-specificity differential hypermethylation for potential use as biomarkers for detecting STIC and HGSC at stages when curative intervention likely remains feasible.Experimental designWe first identified quality control criteria for performing reliable methylomic analysis of DNA-limited tubal precursor lesions with the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC array. We then used this platform to compare genome-wide methylation among 12 STICs with paired adjacent-normal epithelia, one p53 signature lesion and two samples of concurrent HGSC. The resulting methylomic data were analyzed by unsupervised hierarchical clustering and multidimensional analysis. Regions of high-confidence STIC-specific differential hypermethylation were identified using selective bioinformatic criteria and compared with published MethylationEPIC data from 23 HGSC tumors and 11 healthy fallopian tube mucosae.ResultsUnsupervised analysis showed that STICs largely clustered with HGSCs, but were clearly distinct from adjacent-normal fallopian tube epithelia. Forty-two genomic regions exhibited high-confidence STIC-specific differential hypermethylation, of which 17 (40.5%) directly overlapped with HGSC-specific differentially methylated regions. Methylation at these shared loci was able to completely distinguish STIC and HGSC samples from normal and adjacent-normal specimens.ConclusionsOur results suggest that most STICs are epigenetically similar to HGSCs and share regions of differential hypermethylation that warrant further evaluation for potential use as biomarkers for early detection of ovarian HGSC.See related commentary by Ishak and De Carvalho, p. 6083.

Project description:The clonal relationship between ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) and its presumed precursor lesion, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), has been reported. However, when analyzing patients with concurrent ovarian carcinoma and tubal lesion, the extensive carcinoma tissues present at diagnosis may have effaced the natural habitat of precursor clone(s), obscuring tumor clonal evolutionary history, or may have disseminated to anatomically adjacent fimbriae ends, masquerading as precursor lesions. To circumvent these limitations, we analyzed the genomic landscape of incidental tubal precursor lesions including p53 signature, dormant STIC or serous tubal intraepithelial lesion (STIL) and proliferative STIC in women without ovarian carcinoma or any cancer diagnosis using whole-exome sequencing and amplicon sequencing. In three of the four cancer-free women with multiple discrete tubal lesions we observed non-identical TP53 mutations between precursor lesions from the same individual. In one of the four women with co-existing ovarian HGSC and tubal precursor lesion we found non-identical TP53 mutations and a lack of common mutations shared between her precursor lesion and carcinoma. Analyzing the evolutionary history of multiple tubal lesions in the same four patients with concurrent ovarian carcinoma indicated distinct evolution trajectories. Collectively, the results support diverse clonal origins of tubal precursor lesions at the very early stages of tumorigenesis. Mathematical modeling based on lesion-specific proliferation rates indicated that p53 signature and dormant STIC may take a prolonged time (two decades or more) to develop into STIC, whereas STIC may progress to carcinoma in a much shorter time (6 years). The above findings may have implications for future research aimed at prevention and early detection of ovarian cancer. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Project description:BackgroundWith less than a 5% survival rate pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is almost uniformly lethal. In order to make a significant impact on survival of patients with this malignancy, it is necessary to diagnose the disease early, when curative surgery is still possible. Detailed knowledge of the natural history of the disease and molecular events leading to its progression is therefore critical.Methods and findingsWe have analysed the precursor lesions, PanINs, from prophylactic pancreatectomy specimens of patients from four different kindreds with high risk of familial pancreatic cancer who were treated for histologically proven PanIN-2/3. Thus, the material was procured before pancreatic cancer has developed, rather than from PanINs in a tissue field that already contains cancer. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling using such unique specimens was performed. Bulk frozen sections displaying the most extensive but not microdissected PanIN-2/3 lesions were used in order to obtain the holistic view of both the precursor lesions and their microenvironment. A panel of 76 commonly dysregulated genes that underlie neoplastic progression from normal pancreas to PanINs and PDAC were identified. In addition to shared genes some differences between the PanINs of individual families as well as between the PanINs and PDACs were also seen. This was particularly pronounced in the stromal and immune responses.ConclusionsOur comprehensive analysis of precursor lesions without the invasive component provides the definitive molecular proof that PanIN lesions beget cancer from a molecular standpoint. We demonstrate the need for accumulation of transcriptomic changes during the progression of PanIN to PDAC, both in the epithelium and in the surrounding stroma. An identified 76-gene signature of PDAC progression presents a rich candidate pool for the development of early diagnostic and/or surveillance markers as well as potential novel preventive/therapeutic targets for both familial and sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

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CD105 Is Expressed in Ovarian Cancer Precursor Lesions and Is Required for Metastasis to the Ovary.

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