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Inter-generational link of obesity in term and preterm births: role of maternal plasma acylcarnitines.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Acylcarnitines, intermediates of fatty acid oxidation, are known to be involved in obesity and insulin resistance. Since maternal prepregnancy overweight or obesity (OWO) is a recognized major risk factor for offspring OWO, we hypothesized that maternal plasma acylcarnitines may play a role in inter-generational OWO. SUBJECTS/METHODS:This study included 1402 mother-child pairs (1043 term, 359 preterm) recruited at birth from 1998-2013 and followed prospectively up to age 18 years at the Boston Medical Center. The primary outcomes were child OWO defined as BMI???85th percentile for age and sex. The primary exposures were maternal prepregnancy OWO defined as BMI???25 kg/m2 and maternal acylcarnitine levels measured in plasma samples collected soon after delivery using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in a targeted manner. RESULTS:Approximately 40% of the children in this study were OWO by age 5. Maternal OWO had a significant association with childhood OWO, both in term and preterm births. ?-hydroxybutyryl-carnitine (C4-OH) levels were significantly and positively associated with child OWO among term births after adjustment for potential confounders and multiple-comparisons. Children born to OWO mothers in the top tertile C4-OH levels were at the highest risk of OWO: OR?=?3.78 (95%CI: 2.47, 5.79) as compared with those born to non-OWO mothers in the lowest tertile (P for interaction of maternal OWO and C4-OH?=?0.035). In a four-way decomposition of mediation/interaction analysis, we estimated that C4-OH levels explained about 27% (se?=?0.08) of inter-generational OWO risk (P?=?0.001). In contrast, these associations were not observed in preterm births. CONCLUSIONS:In this U.S. urban low-income birth cohort, we provide further evidence of the inter-generational link of OWO and reveal the differential role of C4-OH in explaining the inter-generational obesity between term and preterm births. Further investigations are warranted to better understand and prevent the inter-generational transmission of OWO.

SUBMITTER: Wang G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6900290 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Inter-generational link of obesity in term and preterm births: role of maternal plasma acylcarnitines.

Wang Guoying G Sun Qi Q Liang Liming L Clash Clary C Zhang Cuilin C Hong Xiumei X Ji Yuelong Y Radovick Sally S Pearson Colleen C Bartell Tami R TR Zuckerman Barry B Cheng Tina L TL Hu Frank B FB Wang Xiaobin X

International journal of obesity (2005) 20190722 10

<h4>Background/objectives</h4>Acylcarnitines, intermediates of fatty acid oxidation, are known to be involved in obesity and insulin resistance. Since maternal prepregnancy overweight or obesity (OWO) is a recognized major risk factor for offspring OWO, we hypothesized that maternal plasma acylcarnitines may play a role in inter-generational OWO.<h4>Subjects/methods</h4>This study included 1402 mother-child pairs (1043 term, 359 preterm) recruited at birth from 1998-2013 and followed prospective ...[more]

PMID: 31332276

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Project description:IntroductionHuman anelloviruses, including torque teno virus (TTV) and torque teno mini virus (TTMV), are ubiquitous in the general population and have no known pathogenicity. We investigated the prevalence and viral load of TTV and TTMV in plasma and saliva over pregnancy, and assessed their association with spontaneous or medically indicated preterm birth.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Maternal Stress (MOMS) study, which recruited 744 individuals with singleton pregnancies from 4 US sites (Chicago, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, and rural Pennsylvania). Baseline outpatient visits took place in the second trimester (between 12'0 and 20'6/7 weeks' gestation), and follow-up visits in the third trimester (between 32'0 and 35'6/7 weeks' gestation). In a case-control study design, participants who delivered preterm (<37 weeks) resulting from spontaneous labor and/or preterm premature rupture of membranes ("sPTB") were compared with participants experiencing medically indicated preterm birth ("iPTB"), or delivery at term ("controls"). Plasma and saliva samples obtained during the second and third trimesters were tested for the presence and quantity of TTV and TTMV using real-time PCR. Demographic data were obtained via self-report, and clinical data via medical record review by trained research personnel.ResultsTTV was detected in plasma from 81% (second trimester) and 77% (third trimester) of participants, and in saliva from 64 and 60%. Corresponding detection rates for TTMV were 59 and 41% in plasma, and 35 and 24% in saliva. TTV and TTMV concentrations were similar between matched plasma and saliva samples. TTV prevalence and concentrations were not significantly different between groups (sPTB, iPTB, and controls). However, plasma TTMV in the third trimester was associated with sPTB and earlier gestational age at delivery. The iPTB group was not different from either the sPTB or the control group. In saliva, concentrations of TTV and TTMV were similar among the three groups. Both TTV and TTMV were more prevalent with increasing parity and were more common in Black and Hispanic participants compared to non-Hispanic White participants.ConclusionAnellovirus presence (specifically, TTMV) in the third trimester may be associated with preterm birth. Whether this association is causative remains to be determined.

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Dataset Information

Inter-generational link of obesity in term and preterm births: role of maternal plasma acylcarnitines.

Publications

Inter-generational link of obesity in term and preterm births: role of maternal plasma acylcarnitines.

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