Dataset Information

Provitamin D₃ modulation through prebiotics supplementation: simulation based assessment.

ABSTRACT: Vitamin D is important in multiple health conditions. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent globally even with exposure to adequate sunlight. Reduction in provitamin D₃ (7-dehydrocholesterol, 7-DHC) is an important cause of vitamin D₃ deficiency. Vitamin supplementation, food fortification, and use of probiotics are some approaches to reduce vitamin D₃ deficiency. This study investigates plausibility of 7-DHC biosynthesis through dietary prebiotics supplementation. Furthermore, it reports mechanistic details and constraints for the biosynthesis using flux balance analysis (FBA) simulations. The FBA simulations using co-metabolism models comprising human host and a resident bacterium (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii or Bacteroides thetaiotamicron) indicated increased flux of 7-DHC with short-chain fructooligosaccharide (scFOS) or inulin supplementation. We observed around 2-fold increase in flux compared to the baseline. Biosynthesis of 7-DHC was primarily modulated through acetate, pyruvate and lactate secreted by the bacterium. We observed diverse mechanisms and dose dependent responses. We extended this assessment to 119 resident bacteria and investigated the metabolites profiles with prebiotics supplementation. In summary, the current study suggests the potential use of applying prebiotics in enhancing 7-DHC biosynthesis. Furthermore, performance of the different gut bacteria with prebiotic supplementation for secreted metabolites profile is reported. These results may be useful to design future clinical studies.

SUBMITTER: Gokhale S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6917722 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Provitamin D3 modulation through prebiotics supplementation: simulation based assessment.

Gokhale Sucheta S Bhaduri Anirban A

Scientific reports 20191217 1

Vitamin D is important in multiple health conditions. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent globally even with exposure to adequate sunlight. Reduction in provitamin D3 (7-dehydrocholesterol, 7-DHC) is an important cause of vitamin D3 deficiency. Vitamin supplementation, food fortification, and use of probiotics are some approaches to reduce vitamin D3 deficiency. This study investigates plausibility of 7-DHC biosynthesis through dietary prebiotics supplementation. F ...[more]

PMID: 31848400

Similar Datasets

Project description:The number of raspberry plants dying from a sudden outbreak of gray mold, verticillium wilt, anthracnosis, and phytophthora infection has increased in recent times, leading to crop failure. The plants suffer tissue collapse and black roots, symptoms similar to a Botrytis-Verticillium-Colletotrichum-Phytophthora disease complex. A sizeable number of fungal isolates were acquired from the root and rhizosphere samples of wild raspberries from different locations. Subsequent in vitro tests revealed that a core consortium of 11 isolates of selected Trichoderma spp. was the most essential element for reducing in phytopathogen expansion. For this purpose, isolates were characterized by the efficiency of their antagonistic properties against Botrytis, Verticillium, Colletotrichum and Phytophthora isolates and with hydrolytic properties accelerating the decomposition of organic matter in the soil and thus making nutrients available to plants. Prebiotic additive supplementation with a mixture of adonitol, arabitol, erythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, and adenosine was proven in a laboratory experiment to be efficient in stimulating the growth of Trichoderma isolates. Through an in vivo pathosystem experiment, different raspberry naturalization-protection strategies (root inoculations and watering with native Trichoderma isolates, applied separately or simultaneously) were tested under controlled phytotron conditions. The experimental application of phytopathogens attenuated raspberry plant and soil properties, while Trichoderma consortium incorporation exhibited a certain trend of improving these features in terms of a short-term response, depending on the pathosystem and naturalization strategy. What is more, a laboratory-scale development of a biopreparation for the naturalization of the raspberry rhizosphere based on the Trichoderma consortium was proposed in the context of two application scenarios. The first was a ready-to-use formulation to be introduced while planting (pellets, gel). The second was a variant to be applied with naturalizing watering (soluble powder).

Project description:BackgroundSwine production expanded in the last decades. Efforts have been made to improve meat production and to understand its relationship to pig gut microbiota. Copper (Cu) is a usual supplement to growth performance in animal production. Here, two performance studies were conducted to investigate the effects of three different sources of Cu on the microbiota of piglets. A total of 256 weaned piglets were randomly allocated into 4 treatments (10 replicates per treatment of 4 piglets per pen in Trial 1 and 8 replicates of 3 piglets per pen in Trial 2). Treatments included a control group (fed 10 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4), a group fed at 160 mg/kg of Copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) or tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC), and a group fed with Cu methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (Cu-MHAC) at 150, 80, and 50 mg/kg in Phases 1 (24-35 d), 2 (36-49 d), and 3 (50-70 d), respectively. At 70 d, the cecum luminal contents from one pig per pen were collected and polled for 16 S rRNA sequencing (V3/V4 regions). Parameters were analyzed in a completely randomized block design, in which each experiment was considered as a block.ResultsA total of 1337 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were identified. Dominance and Simpson ecological metrics were statistically different between control and treated groups (P < 0.10) showing that different Cu sources altered the gut microbiota composition with the proliferation of some bacteria that improve gut health. A high abundance of Prevotella was observed in all treatments while other genera were enriched and differentially modulated, according to the Cu source and dosage. The supplementation with Cu-MHAC can modify a group of bacteria involved in feed efficiency (FE) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production (Clostridium XIVa, Desulfovibrio, and Megasphera). These bacteria are also important players in the activation of ghrelin and growth hormones that were previously reported to correlate with Cu-MHAC supplementation.ConclusionsThese results indicated that some genera seem to be directly affected by the Cu source offered to the animals. TBCC and Cu-MHAC (even in low doses) can promote healthy modifications in the gut bacterial composition, being a promising source of supplementation for piglets.

Project description:Energy homeostasis is tightly regulated by the central nervous system which responds to nervous and circulating inputs to adapt food intake and energy expenditure. However, the rewarding and motivational aspect of food is tightly dependent of dopamine (DA) release in mesocorticolimbic (MCL) system and could be operant in uncontrolled caloric intake and obesity. Accumulating evidence indicate that manipulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis through prebiotic supplementation can have beneficial impact of the host appetite and body weight. However, the consequences of manipulating the implication of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the control motivational and hedonic/reinforcing aspects of food are still underexplored. In this study, we investigate whether and how dietary prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) could oppose, or revert, the change in hedonic and homeostatic control of feeding occurring after a 2-months exposure to high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet. The reinforcing and motivational components of food reward were assessed using a two-food choice paradigm and a food operant behavioral test in mice exposed to FOS either during or after HFHS exposure. We also performed mRNA expression analysis for key genes involved in limbic and hypothalamic control of feeding. We show in a preventive-like approach, FOS addition of HFHS diet had beneficial impact of hypothalamic neuropeptides, and decreased the operant performance for food but only after an overnight fast while it did not prevent the imbalance in mesolimbic markers for DA signaling induced by palatable diet exposure nor the spontaneous tropism for palatable food when given the choice. However, when FOS was added to control diet after chronic HFHS exposure, although it did not significantly alter body weight loss, it greatly decreased palatable food tropism and consumption and was associated with normalization of MCL markers for DA signaling. We conclude that the nature of the diet (regular chow or HFHS) as well as the timing at which prebiotic supplementation is introduced (preventive or curative) greatly influence the efficacy of the gut-microbiota-brain axis. This crosstalk selectively alters the hedonic or motivational drive to eat and triggers molecular changes in neural substrates involved in the homeostatic and non-homeostatic control of body weight.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:Develop a standardized simulation method to assess clinical skills of ICU providers. DESIGN:Simulation assessment. SETTING:Simulation laboratory. SUBJECTS:Residents, Critical Care Medicine fellows, acute care nurse practitioner students. INTERVENTIONS:Performance scoring in scenarios from multiple Critical Care Medicine competency domains. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Three-hundred eighty-four performances by 48 participants were scored using checklists (% correct) and holistic "global" ratings (1 [unprepared] to 9 [expert]). One-hundred eighty were scored by two raters. Mean checklist and global scores (± SD) ranged from 65.0% (± 16.3%) to 84.5% (± 17.3%) and 4.7 (± 1.4) to 7.2 (± 1.2). Checklist and global scores for Critical Care Medicine fellows and senior acute care nurse practitioner students (Experienced group, n = 26) were significantly higher than those for the Novice acute care nurse practitioner students (Novice group, n = 14) (75.6% ± 15.6% vs 68.8% ± 21.0% and 6.1?±?1.6 vs 5.4?±?1.5, respectively; p < 0.05). Residents (Intermediate group, n = 8) scored between the two (75.4% ± 18.3% and 5.7?±?1.7). 38.5% of the Experienced group scored in the top quartile for mean global score, compared with 12.5% of the Intermediate and 7.1% of the Novice groups. Conversely, 50% of the Novice group scored in the lower quartile (< 5.3), compared with 37.5% of the Intermediate and 11.5% of the Experienced groups. Psychometric analyses yielded discrimination values greater than 0.3 for most scenarios and reliability for the eight-scenario assessments of 0.51 and 0.60, with interrater reliability of 0.71 and 0.75, for checklist and global scoring, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The simulation assessments yielded reasonably reliable measures of Critical Care Medicine decision-making skills. Despite a wide range of performance, those with more ICU training and experience performed better, providing evidence to support the validity of the scores. Simulation-based assessments may ultimately prove useful to determine readiness to assume decision-making roles in the ICU.

Dataset Information

Provitamin D₃ modulation through prebiotics supplementation: simulation based assessment.

Publications

Provitamin D<sub>3</sub> modulation through prebiotics supplementation: simulation based assessment.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets