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Measured concentrations of consumer product chemicals in California house dust: Implications for sources, exposure, and toxicity potential.

ABSTRACT: Household dust is a reservoir of various consumer product chemicals. Thus, characterizing comprehensive chemical profiles of house dust may help improve our understanding of residential chemical exposure. We have previously developed a method for detecting a broad spectrum of chemicals in dust by applying a combination of target, suspect screening, and non-target methods with mass spectrometry preceded by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Building upon a previous study that detected 271 compounds in 38 dust samples, we presented concentrations of 144 compounds that were confirmed and quantified by standards in the same set of samples. Ten compounds were measured with median concentrations greater than 10 000 ng/g of dust: cis-hexadec-6-enoic acid, squalene, cholesterol, vitamin E, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dioctyl terephthalate, linoleic acid, tricaprylin, tris(1-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, and oxybenzone. We also reviewed in vitro toxicity screening data to identify compounds that were not previously detected in indoor dust but have potential for adverse health effects. Among 119 newly detected compounds, 13 had endocrine-disrupting potential and 7 had neurotoxic potential. Toxicity screening data were not available for eight biocides, which may adversely affect health. Our results strive to provide more comprehensive chemical profiles of house dust and identified information gaps for future health studies.

SUBMITTER: Shin HM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6917863 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Measured concentrations of consumer product chemicals in California house dust: Implications for sources, exposure, and toxicity potential.

Shin Hyeong-Moo HM Moschet Christoph C Young Thomas M TM Bennett Deborah H DH

Indoor air 20191024 1

Household dust is a reservoir of various consumer product chemicals. Thus, characterizing comprehensive chemical profiles of house dust may help improve our understanding of residential chemical exposure. We have previously developed a method for detecting a broad spectrum of chemicals in dust by applying a combination of target, suspect screening, and non-target methods with mass spectrometry preceded by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Building upon a previous study that detected ...[more]

PMID: 31587372

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Project description:BackgroundResidential use of pesticides has been associated with increased risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We evaluated determinants of glyphosate concentrations in house dust and estimated ALL risk in the California Childhood Leukemia Study (CCLS).MethodsThe CCLS is a population-based case-control study of childhood leukemia in California. Among those < 8-years (no move since diagnosis/reference date), we collected dust (2001-2007) from the room where the child spent the most time while awake and measured > 40 pesticides. Three-to-eight years later, we collected a second sample from non-movers. We used Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry to measure glyphosate (µg/g dust) for 181 ALL cases and 225 controls and for 45 households with a second dust sample. We used multivariable Tobit regression to evaluate determinants of glyphosate concentrations. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for ALL and quartiles of the concentration (first samples) using unconditional logistic regression. We computed the within- and between-home variance and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsGlyphosate was frequently detected (cases: 98 %; controls: 99 %). Higher concentrations were associated with occupational pesticide exposure, nearby agricultural use, treatment for lawn weeds and bees/wasps, and sampling season. Increasing concentrations were not associated with ALL risk (adjusted ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.8, CI: 0.4-1.4). We observed similar null associations for boys and girls, Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites, and among those who resided in their home since birth (76 cases/117 controls) or age two (130 cases/176 controls). The ICC was 0.32 indicating high within-home temporal variability during the years of our study.ConclusionsWe observed higher concentrations in homes associated with expected predictors of exposure but no association with childhood ALL risk. Due to continuing use, potential exposure to young children is high. It will be important to evaluate risk in future studies with multiple dust measurements or biomarkers of exposure.

Project description:BackgroundStudies report that residential use of pesticides in low-income homes is common because of poor housing conditions and pest infestations; however, exposure data on contemporary-use pesticides in low-income households is limited. We conducted a study in low-income homes from urban and agricultural communities to: characterize and compare house dust levels of agricultural and residential-use pesticides; evaluate the correlation of pesticide concentrations in samples collected several days apart; examine whether concentrations of pesticides phased-out for residential uses, but still used in agriculture (i.e., chlorpyrifos and diazinon) have declined in homes in the agricultural community; and estimate resident children's pesticide exposures via inadvertent dust ingestion.MethodsIn 2006, we collected up to two dust samples 5-8 days apart from each of 13 urban homes in Oakland, California and 15 farmworker homes in Salinas, California, an agricultural community (54 samples total). We measured 22 insecticides including organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diazinon-oxon, malathion, methidathion, methyl parathion, phorate, and tetrachlorvinphos) and pyrethroids (allethrin-two isomers, bifenthrin, cypermethrin-four isomers, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, imiprothrin, permethrin-two isomers, prallethrin, and sumithrin), one phthalate herbicide (chlorthal-dimethyl), one dicarboximide fungicide (iprodione), and one pesticide synergist (piperonyl butoxide).ResultsMore than half of the households reported applying pesticides indoors. Analytes frequently detected in both locations included chlorpyrifos, diazinon, permethrin, allethrin, cypermethrin, and piperonyl butoxide; no differences in concentrations or loadings were observed between locations for these analytes. Chlorthal-dimethyl was detected solely in farmworker homes, suggesting contamination due to regional agricultural use. Concentrations in samples collected 5-8 days apart in the same home were strongly correlated for the majority of the frequently detected analytes (Spearman ? = 0.70-1.00, p < 0.01). Additionally, diazinon and chlorpyrifos concentrations in Salinas farmworker homes were 40-80% lower than concentrations reported in samples from Salinas farmworker homes studied between 2000-2002, suggesting a temporal reduction after their residential phase-out. Finally, estimated non-dietary pesticide intake for resident children did not exceed current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) recommended chronic reference doses (RfDs).ConclusionLow-income children are potentially exposed to a mixture of pesticides as a result of poorer housing quality. Historical or current pesticide use indoors is likely to contribute to ongoing exposures. Agricultural pesticide use may also contribute to additional exposures to some pesticides in rural areas. Although children's non-dietary intake did not exceed U.S. EPA RfDs for select pesticides, this does not ensure that children are free of any health risks as RfDs have their own limitations, and the children may be exposed indoors via other pathways. The frequent pesticide use reported and high detection of several home-use pesticides in house dust suggests that families would benefit from integrated pest management strategies to control pests and minimize current and future exposures.

Dataset Information

Measured concentrations of consumer product chemicals in California house dust: Implications for sources, exposure, and toxicity potential.

Publications

Measured concentrations of consumer product chemicals in California house dust: Implications for sources, exposure, and toxicity potential.

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