A model system for studying superselective radiotherapy of lymph node metastasis in mice with swollen lymph nodes.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kikuchi R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6921225 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
A model system for studying superselective radiotherapy of lymph node metastasis in mice with swollen lymph nodes.
Kikuchi Ryohei R Sukhbaatar Ariunbuyan A Sakamoto Maya M Mori Shiro S Kodama Tetsuya T
Clinical and translational radiation oncology 20190518
Utilizing mice with swollen lymph nodes, we succeeded in irradiating individual metastatic lymph nodes through a hole in a lead shield. This system enabled us to increase the radiation dose to >8 Gy (the lethal dose for total-body irradiation) and evaluate both direct and abscopal antitumor effects. ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Purpose: Mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastasis is one of the recurrence patterns after definitive treatment of lung cancer. Salvage radiotherapy (RT) can be a treatment option for lymph node metastasis. However, the usefulness of additional RT remains unclear after surgery or RT for the primary lung tumor. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated carbon-ion RT for isolated lymph node metastasis. Methods and Materials: Between April 2013 and August 2016, 15 consecutive patients with isolated lymph node metastasis underwent carbon-ion RT. The pretreatment evaluations confirmed the isolated lymph node metastasis and the absence of local recurrence or distant metastasis, which was oligometastatic disease. The median age was 72 (range, 51-83) years, with 11 male patients. The first treatments for primary lung tumors were carbon-ion RT for 8 patients and surgery for 7 patients. There were 9 adenocarcinomas, 4 squamous cell carcinomas, 1 adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and 1 mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Most patients (93%) were irradiated with 52.8 Gy relative biological effectiveness in 12 fractions for 3 weeks. There were no patients treated with concurrent or adjuvant therapy such as chemotherapy, molecular-targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Adverse events were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0). Results: The median follow-up for surviving patients was 28 months. One patient experienced local lymph node recurrence, and the 2-year local control rate was 92% for all patients. Distant metastasis was observed in 7 patients, and 2-year progression-free survival rate was 47%. During follow-up, there were 4 deaths from lung cancer, and the 2-year overall survival rate was 75%. There were 2 patients with acute grade 2 esophagitis and 2 with late grade 2 cough, which were improved by conservative therapy. There were no other grade 2 or higher adverse events. Conclusions: Hypofractionated carbon-ion RT showed excellent local control and overall survival without severe toxicities in lung cancer patients with isolated lymph node metastasis after surgery or carbon-ion RT for primary lung tumors. A multi-institutional prospective study is required to establish the efficacy and safety of carbon-ion RT.
| S-EPMC6692658 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThe 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor-lymph node-metastasis (TNM) staging system for gallbladder cancer (GBC) recommended that at least six lymph nodes (LNs) should be examined. But most patients with GBC had fewer than six LNs resected. This study aimed to establish an alternative index for assessing the LN status during the staging system for GBC patients with fewer than six LNs retrieved.Patients and methodsPatient data was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (cases between 2004 and 2013). X-tile software was used to determine the optimal cutoff value for lymph node ratio (LNR) and a concordance index (C-index) was used to evaluate the discriminatory powers of the two staging systems.ResultsThe majority of GBC patients in our cohort (1353, 78.5%) had fewer than six LNs examined. Among patients with inadequate LN examination, the higher number of LNs examined correlated with a lower proportion of patients. Using the TNM staging system, the C-index for patients with fewer than six LNs and patients with six or more LNs screened were 0.636 and 0.704, respectively. Using the staging system based on LNR (TNrM), the C-index for patients with fewer than six LNs retrieved and patients with six or more LNs retrieved were 0.649 and 0.694, respectively. Similar results were observed in patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBA).ConclusionTNrM might be superior to the 8th AJCC TNM staging system for stratifying GBC patients with fewer than six LNs examined, and it can complement TNM for more accurate risk stratification. Future prospective studies are needed to validate our findings.
| S-EPMC7546035 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Metastasis is a multistep process that is not well understood. Colonization of a secondary organ requires specific molecular alterations of the host microenvironment. To determine the temporal and spatial changes associated with metastatic dissemination to the axillary lymph nodes, gene expression profiles were compared between histologically normal lymph nodes from node-positive patients and tumor-free nodes from node-negative patients. Using a stringent false discovery rate correction (<0.05) for multiple hypothesis testing, we did not detect any differentially expressed genes between the lymph node groups. Thus, the presence of metastatic cells within the lymphatic system does not elicit widespread changes in gene expression through the axillary basin; rather, lymph nodes independently respond to disseminated tumor cells.
| S-EPMC5391061 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to determine the optimal radiotherapy (RT) regimen for patients with clinical metastasis to the internal mammary lymph node (cIMN+) from breast cancer. METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 84 patients with cIMN+ breast cancer treated with curative surgery, taxane-based chemotherapy, and postoperative RT between January 2009 and December 2014. Postoperative RT was administered to the whole breast or chest wall using 50?Gy in 2?Gy fractions. Boost RT to the internal mammary lymph node (IMN) was administered at the physician's discretion. We categorized patients into two groups according to the IMN dose as follows: low-dose IMN RT (50.0-63.5?Gy) and high-dose IMN RT (63.6-70.4?Gy). RESULTS:After a median follow-up of 58?months (range, 12-111?months), IMN recurrence was observed in 2 patients (2.4%), and all IMN recurrences developed simultaneously with distant metastases. The 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival rates were 89.1, 72.0, and 81.2%, respectively. The triple-negative subtype, IMN size ?1.0?cm, old age, and low-dose IMN were significantly associated with poor DFS. Among the patients with IMN size ?1.0?cm, the 5-year DFS was significantly higher in those treated with high-dose IMN RT than in those treated with low-dose IMN RT (69.3% vs. 33.3%, p?=?0.019). CONCLUSIONS:IMN RT without IMN dissection resulted in favorable outcomes in cIMN+ breast cancer. For patients with a large IMN, a higher IMN radiation dose might be needed for disease control.
| S-EPMC7052982 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lymph nodes are important peripheral immune organs in which numerous important immune responses occur. During the process of lymphatic metastasis, lymph nodes are also sites through which tumor cells must pass. Therefore, it is essential to develop a drug delivery system that can specifically transfer immunostimulatory medicine into lymph nodes to block lymphatic metastasis. Here, we developed a nucleic acid drug delivery system containing cationic agarose (C-agarose) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. C-agarose has a high affinity for Siglec-1 on the surface of lymph node sinus macrophages, which have a high specificity for targeting lymph nodes. Subcutaneous implantation of C-agarose+CpG gel caused the accumulation of CpG in the lymph node sinus macrophages and generated antitumor immune responses in the lymph node. C-agarose+CpG gel treatment decreased the metastasis size in the tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) and lung metastatic nodules and suppressed tumor growth in both a mouse 4T1 breast cancer model and a B16F10 melanoma model. On this basis, this study proposes a nonsurgical invasive lymph node targeting immunotherapy concept that may provide a new approach for antitumor metastasis.
| S-EPMC6529739 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe authors aimed to create a novel model to predict lymphatic metastasis in thymic epithelial tumors.MethodsData of 1018 patients were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2015. To construct a nomogram, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to select candidate features of the training cohort from 2004 to 2013. A simple model called the Lymphatic Node Metastasis Risk Scoring System (LNMRS) was constructed to predict lymphatic metastasis. Using patients from 2014 to 2015 as the validation cohort, the predictive performance of the model was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe LASSO regression model showed that age, extension, and histology type were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, which were used to construct the nomogram. Through analysis of the area under the curve (AUC), the nomogram achieved a AUC value of 0.80 (95 % confidence interval [Cl] 0.75-0.85) in the training cohort and 0.82 (95 % Cl 0.70-0.93) in the validation cohort, and had closed calibration curves. Based on the nomogram, the authors constructed the LNMRS model, which had an AUC of 0.80 (95 % Cl 0.75-0.85) in the training cohort and 0.82 (95% Cl 0.70-0.93) in the validation cohort. The ROC curves indicated that the LNMRS had excellent predictive performance for lymph node metastasis.ConclusionThis study established a nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis. The LNMRS model, constructed to predict lymphatic involvement of patients, was more convenient than the nomogram.
| S-EPMC8677650 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:We developed two nomograms to predict the presence of inguinal lymph node metastasis (ILNM) and two or more histologically positive inguinal lymph nodes (ILNs) or one ILN with extranodal extension (ENE) in penile cancer patients with clinically positive inguinal lymph nodes (ILNs). Methods:This study enrolled 75 penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) patients with clinically positive ILNs. A binary logistic regression model was taken to screen out the risk factors for the presence of ILNM and two or more positive ILNs or one node with ENE in one side. Nomograms were plotted based on the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:Our multivariate analysis demonstrated that the pathological grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and short diameter (SD) of the largest ILN were independent risks. The bootstrap-corrected concordance index of the nomogram for the presence of ILNM was 0.948, and 0.878 for two or more histologically positive ILNs or one ILN with ENE on one side. Conclusions:By incorporating tumor pathological grade, LVI and SD of the largest ILN, our nomograms can efficiently predict the ILNM in penile cancer patients with clinically positive nodes.
| S-EPMC7215016 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To evaluate the prognostic significance of lymph node metastasis, extent of examined lymph nodes (ELNs) and lymph node ratio (LNR) for resected pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs).Surgically resected pNENs were assimilated from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the prognostic effect of clinicopathological characteristics on overall survival; Harrell's concordance index was performed to assess the prognostic accuracy of all independent prognostic factors; and the Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess the correlation between LNR and other clinicopathological characteristics.Totally, 1,273 pathologically confirmed pNENs were included in our study. The extent of ELNs failed to show any survival benefit in entire cohort (ELNs ? 12 vs. ELNs > 12, P = 0.072) or pNENs without lymph node metastasis (ELNs ? 28 vs. ELNs > 28, P = 0.108). Lymph node metastasis and LNR > 0.40 were significantly (both P < 0.001) adverse prognostic factors of overall survival. However, only LNR > 0.40 was the independent predictor of survival after adjusted for other clinicopathological characteristics. Besides LNR, the age, gender, primary tumor site, grade and stage also were the independent predictors of overall survival; and this survival model had an acceptable predictive power (Harrell's concordance index, 0.731).The current study suggested that the LNR, not the total number of ELNs and the lymph node metastasis, is an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival for pNENs after surgical resection.
| S-EPMC5687686 | biostudies-other
Project description:"Node-RADS" addresses the lack of consensus in the radiologic assessment of lymph node involvement by cancer and meets the increasing demand for structured reporting on the likelihood of disease involvement. Node Reporting and Data System 1.0 (Node-RADS) systematically classifies the degree of suspicion of lymph node involvement based on the synthesis of established imaging findings. Straightforward definitions of imaging findings for two proposed scoring categories "size" and "configuration" are combined into assessment categories between 1 ("very low likelihood") and 5 ("very high likelihood"). This scoring system is suitable for assessing likely involvement of lymph nodes on CT and MRI scans. It can be applied at any anatomical site, and to regional and non-regional lymph nodes in relation to a primary tumor location. Node-RADS will improve communication with referring physicians and promote the consistency of reporting for primary staging and in response assessment settings. KEY POINTS: • Node-RADS standardizes reporting of possible cancer involvement of regional and distant lymph nodes on CT and MRI. • Node-RADS proposes the scoring categories "size" and "configuration" for assigning the 5-point Node-RADS score from 1 ("very low likelihood") to 5 ("very high likelihood"). • Node-RADS aims to increase consensus among radiologists for primary staging and in response assessment settings.
| S-EPMC8270876 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To evaluate the effectiveness of the number of central compartment lymph nodes (CLNs) on ultrasound (US) in predicting CLN metastasis (CLNM). We prospectively studied 309 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients who underwent thyroidectomy with CLN dissection at our center from May 2017 to July 2017. The number and features of CLNs were evaluated preoperatively via US. All US examinations were performed using a Philips iU 22 or a GE Logiq 9 machine. Correlations between CLNs observed via preoperative US and amount of CLNM were evaluated. We found that ?2 CLNs on the preoperative US was associated with CLNM (P < 0.01). For this feature, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were 54.3%, 66.1%, and 0.61, respectively. The presence of both suspected metastasis and ?2 CLNs on US had a specificity of 86.5%. In addition, ?3 CLNs on preoperative US was associated with large-volume CLNM (>5 metastatic CLNs) (P < 0.01). For this feature, the sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 54.8%, 74.5% and 0.65, respectively. The presence of both suspected metastasis and ?3 CLNs on US had a specificity of 84.9%. The presence of suspected metastasis and/or ?3 CLNs had a sensitivity of 80.6%. Our results suggest that ?2 and???3 CLNs on preoperative US may serve as ancillary preoperative markers for predicting CLNM.
| S-EPMC7178523 | biostudies-literature