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The effects of exercise session timing on weight loss and components of energy balance: midwest exercise trial 2.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Circadian physiology has been linked to body weight regulation and obesity. To date, few studies have assessed the association between exercise timing and weight related outcomes. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the impact of exercise timing (i.e., 24?h clock time of exercise session) on weight loss and components of energy balance. SUBJECTS/METHODS:Overweight/obese (BMI 25.0-39.9?kg/m2), physically inactive, young adults (~51% female) completed a 10-month supervised exercise program (400 or 600?kcal/session for 5 days/week) or served as non-exercise controls (CON). Participants were categorized based on the time of day in which they completed exercise sessions (Early-Ex:?>50% of sessions completed between 7:00 and 11:59?am; (n?=?21), Late-Ex:?>50% of sessions completed between 3:00 and 7:00?pm; (n?=?25), Sporadic-Ex:?<50% of sessions completed in any time category; (n?=?24), and CON; (n?=?18)). Body weight, energy intake (EI; digital photography), and non-exercise physical activity (NEPA; accelerometer) were assessed at baseline, 3.5, 7, and 10 months. Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE; doubly labeled water), was assessed at baseline and 10 months. RESULTS:At month 10, weight loss was significantly greater in both Early-EX (-7.2?±?1.2%; p??0.05). A significant group?×?time interaction (p?=?0.02) was observed for NEPA (counts/min), however, after adjusting for multiple comparisons, group effects were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS:Despite minimal differences in components of energy balance, Early-EX lost significantly more weight compared with Late-Ex. Although the mechanisms are unclear, the timing of exercise may be important for body weight regulation.

SUBMITTER: Willis EA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6925313 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The effects of exercise session timing on weight loss and components of energy balance: midwest exercise trial 2.

Willis Erik A EA Creasy Seth A SA Honas Jeffery J JJ Melanson Edward L EL Donnelly Joseph E JE

International journal of obesity (2005) 20190709 1

<h4>Background/objectives</h4>Circadian physiology has been linked to body weight regulation and obesity. To date, few studies have assessed the association between exercise timing and weight related outcomes. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the impact of exercise timing (i.e., 24 h clock time of exercise session) on weight loss and components of energy balance.<h4>Subjects/methods</h4>Overweight/obese (BMI 25.0-39.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), physically inactive, young adults (~51% fe ...[more]

PMID: 31289334

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Project description:Introduction: Free-living movement (physical activity [PA] and sedentary behavior [SB]) and eating behaviors (energy intake [EI] and food choice) affect energy balance and therefore have the potential to influence weight loss (WL). This study explored whether free-living movement and/or eating behaviors measured early (week 3) in a 14-week WL programme or their change during the intervention are associated with WL in women. Methods: In the study, 80 women (M ± SD age: 42.0 ± 12.4 years) with overweight or obesity [body mass index (BMI): 34.08 ± 3.62 kg/m2] completed a 14 week WL program focused primarily on diet (commercial or self-led). Body mass (BM) was measured at baseline, and again during week 2 and 14 along with body composition. Free-living movement (SenseWear Armband) and eating behavior (weighed food diaries) were measured for 1 week during week 3 and 12. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined whether early and early-late change in free-living movement and eating behavior were associated with WL. The differences in behavior between clinically significant weight losers (CWL; ≥5% WL) and non-clinically significant weight losers (NWL; ≤ 3% WL) were compared. Results: The energy density of food consumed [β = 0.45, p < 0.001] and vigorous PA [β = -0.30, p < 0.001] early in the intervention (regression model 1) and early-late change in light PA [β = -0.81 p < 0.001], moderate PA [β = -1.17 p < 0.001], vigorous PA [β = -0.49, p < 0.001], total energy expenditure (EE) [β = 1.84, p < 0.001], and energy density of food consumed [β = 0.27, p = 0.01] (regression model 2) significantly predicted percentage change in BM. Early in the intervention, CWL consumed less energy dense foods than NWL [p = 0.03]. CWL showed a small but significant increase in vigorous PA, whereas NWL showed a slight decrease in PA [p = 0.04]. Conclusion: Both early and early-late change in free-living movement and eating behaviors during a 14 week WL program are predictors of WL. These findings demonstrate that specific behaviors that contribute to greater EE (e.g., vigorous PA) and lower EI (e.g., less energy-dense foods) are related to greater WL outcomes. Interventions targeting these behaviors can be expected to increase the effectiveness of WL programs.

Dataset Information

The effects of exercise session timing on weight loss and components of energy balance: midwest exercise trial 2.

Publications

The effects of exercise session timing on weight loss and components of energy balance: midwest exercise trial 2.

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