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Side effects of and contraindications for whole-body electro-myo-stimulation: a viewpoint.

ABSTRACT: Whole-body electro-myo-stimulation (WB-EMS) has been introduced as an alternative to physical training. Data about side effects and contraindications of WB-EMS are summarised. From healthy subjects, elevation of creatine-kinase (CK) activity with inter-individual variability was reported after WB-EMS. No data about applied current types, stimulation frequency and risk factors were given. In randomised trials investigating WB-EMS, CK activity was not measured. Seven cases of rhabdomyolysis after WB-EMS were found, and it remains open whether WB-EMS was the only risk factor. In healthy subjects, WB-EMS does not seem to affect blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen uptake. The lists of exclusion criteria are, in part, contradictory between different studies, especially regarding malignancy and heart failure. Risk factors for rhabdomyolysis are not mentioned as contraindications for WB-EMS. Scientific research should concentrate on muscle damage as a side effect of WB-EMS considering current types applied, stimulation frequency and risk factors for rhabdomyolysis. Research about WB-EMS should include longitudinal muscle force measurements and MRI. Subjects, intending to perform WB-EMS, should undergo investigations by a physician comprising a screen for risk factors for rhabdomyolysis. The education of operators working in gyms with WB-EMS should be regulated and improved. Regulatory authorities should become aware of the problem. Those working in the field should start an initiative on an international level to increase the safety of WB-EMS.

SUBMITTER: Stollberger C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6937082 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Side effects of and contraindications for whole-body electro-myo-stimulation: a viewpoint.

Stöllberger Claudia C Finsterer Josef J

BMJ open sport & exercise medicine 20191217 1

Whole-body electro-myo-stimulation (WB-EMS) has been introduced as an alternative to physical training. Data about side effects and contraindications of WB-EMS are summarised. From healthy subjects, elevation of creatine-kinase (CK) activity with inter-individual variability was reported after WB-EMS. No data about applied current types, stimulation frequency and risk factors were given. In randomised trials investigating WB-EMS, CK activity was not measured. Seven cases of rhabdomyolysis after ...[more]

PMID: 31908835

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Project description:BackgroundObesity represents a major public health problem and is the fifth leading risk factor for mortality. Morbid obesity is associated with chronic systemic inflammation which increases the risk of comorbidities. Bariatric surgery (BS) is considered an effective intervention for obese patients. However, BS is associated with dietary restriction, potentially limiting physical activity. Whole-body neuromuscular electrical stimulation (WBS) could represent an innovative option for the rehabilitation of BS patients, especially during the early postoperative phase when other conventional techniques are contraindicated. WBS is a safe and effective tool to combat sarcopenia and metabolic risk as well as increasing muscle mass, producing greater glucose uptake, and reducing the proinflammatory state. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of WBS on body composition, functional capacity, muscle strength and endurance, insulin resistance, and pro- and anti-inflammatory circulating markers in obese patients undergoing BS.Methods/designThe present study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel groups clinical trial approved by the Ethics Committee of our Institution. Thirty-six volunteers (body mass index (BMI)?>?35 kg/m2) between 18 and 45 years of age will be randomized to the WBS group (WBSG) or control (Sham) group (ShamG) after being submitted to BS. Preoperative assessments will include maximal and submaximal exercise testing, body composition, blood inflammatory markers, and quadriceps strength and endurance. The second day after discharge, body composition will be evaluated and a 6-min walk test (6MWT) will be performed. The WBS or Sham protocol will consist of 30 daily sessions for 6 consecutive weeks. Afterwards, the same assessments that were performed in the preoperative period will be repeated.DiscussionConsidering the important role of WBS in skeletal muscle conditioning and its value as an aid in exercise performance, the proposed study will investigate this technique as a tool to promote early rehabilitation in these patients, and as a strategy to enhance exercise capacity, weight loss, and peripheral muscle strength with positive systemic effects. The present study is still ongoing, and data will be published after its conclusion.Trial registrationREBEC, RBR-99qw5h . Registered on 20 February 2015.

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Side effects of and contraindications for whole-body electro-myo-stimulation: a viewpoint.

Publications

Side effects of and contraindications for whole-body electro-myo-stimulation: a viewpoint.

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