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Comparison of radical-driven technologies applied for paraben mixture degradation: mechanism, biodegradability, toxicity and cost assessment.

ABSTRACT: Parabens (esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid) are xenobiosis belonging to endocrine disruptors and commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical, and personal care products. Their wide use is leading to their appearance in water and wastewater in the range from ng/L to mg/L. In fact, the toxicity of benzylparaben is comparable to bisphenol A. Therefore, it is important to find not only effective but also ecofriendly methods for their removal from aqueous environment since the traditional wastewater treatment approaches are ineffective. Herein, for the first time, such extended comparison of several radical-driven technologies for paraben mixture degradation is presented. The detailed evaluation included (1) comparison of ozone and hydroxyl peroxide processes; (2) comparison of catalytic and photocatalytic processes (including photocatalytic ozonation); (3) characterisation of catalysts using SEM, XRD, DRS, XPS techniques and BET isotherm; (4) mineralisation, biodegradability and toxicity assessment; and (5) cost assessment. O₃, H₂O₂/Fe²⁺, H₂O₂/UVC, O₃/H₂O₂, O₃/UVA, O₃/H₂O₂/UVA, UVA/catalyst, O₃/catalyst and O₃/UVA/catalyst were selected from advanced oxidation processes to degrade parabens as well as to decrease its toxicity towards Aliivibrio fischeri, Corbicula fluminea and Lepidium sativum. Research was focused on the photocatalytic process involving visible light (UVA and natural sunlight) and TiO₂ catalysts modified by different metals (Ag, Pt, Pd, Au). Photocatalytic oxidation showed the lowest efficiency, while in combining ozone with catalysis and photocatalysis process, degradation efficiency and toxicity removal were improved. Photocatalytic ozonation slightly improved degradation efficiency but appreciably decreased transferred ozone dose (TOD). Results indicate that the degradation pathway is different, or different transformation products (TPs) could be formed, despite that the hydroxyl radicals are the main oxidant. Graphical abstract.

SUBMITTER: Gmurek M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6937227 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparison of radical-driven technologies applied for paraben mixture degradation: mechanism, biodegradability, toxicity and cost assessment.

Gmurek Marta M Gomes João F JF Martins Rui C RC Quinta-Ferreira Rosa M RM

Environmental science and pollution research international 20191120 36

Parabens (esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid) are xenobiosis belonging to endocrine disruptors and commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical, and personal care products. Their wide use is leading to their appearance in water and wastewater in the range from ng/L to mg/L. In fact, the toxicity of benzylparaben is comparable to bisphenol A. Therefore, it is important to find not only effective but also ecofriendly methods for their removal from aqueous environment since the t ...[more]

PMID: 31749006

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Project description:Nanoparticles have applications in various fields such as manufacturing and materials synthesis, the environment, electronics, energy harvesting, and medicine. Besides many applications of nanoparticles, further research is required for toxic environmental effect investigation. The toxic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the physiology of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris was studied with a widely used pesticide, imidacloprid (IMD). Chlorella vulgaris was exposed for 120 h in Bold's basal medium to different toxic compounds, such as (i) a high concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles, 150-2000 mg/L, usually optimised in the photocatalytic degradation of wastewater, (ii) an extremely toxic pesticide for the aquatic environment, imidacloprid, in concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 mg/L, (iii) TiO2 nanoparticles combined with imidacloprid, usually used in a photocatalytic system. The results show that the TiO2 nanoparticles and IMD inhibited Chlorella vulgaris cell growth and decreased the biovolume by approximately 80% when 2 g/L TiO2 was used, meaning that the cells devised a mechanism to cope with a potentially stressful situation; 120 h of Chlorella vulgaris exposure to 40 mg/L of IMD resulted in a 16% decreased cell diameter and a 41% decrease in cell volume relative to the control sample, associated with the toxic effect of pesticides on the cells. Our study confirms the toxicity of nanoparticles through algal growth inhibition with an effective concentration (EC50) value measured after 72 h of 388.14 mg/L for TiO2 and 13 mg/L for IMD in a single-toxic system. The EC50 of TiO2 slowly decreased from 258.42 to 311.11 mg/L when IMD from 5 to 20 mg/L was added to the binary-toxic system. The concentration of TiO2 in the binary-toxic system did not change the EC50 for IMD, and its value was 0.019 g/L. The photodegradation process of imidacloprid (range of 5-40 mg/L) was also investigated in the algal medium incubated with 150-600 mg/L of titanium dioxide.

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Comparison of radical-driven technologies applied for paraben mixture degradation: mechanism, biodegradability, toxicity and cost assessment.

Publications

Comparison of radical-driven technologies applied for paraben mixture degradation: mechanism, biodegradability, toxicity and cost assessment.

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