Discovering Causal Mechanistic Pathways in Sepsis-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Walley KR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6938151 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundIn the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), inflammation in the lungs and other organs can cause life-threatening organ failure. Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (statins) can modulate inflammatory responses. Previous observational studies suggested that statins improved clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis. We hypothesized that rosuvastatin therapy would improve clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with sepsis-associated ARDS.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter trial in which patients with sepsis-associated ARDS were randomly assigned to receive either enteral rosuvastatin or placebo in a double-blind manner. The primary outcome was mortality before hospital discharge home or until study day 60 if the patient was still in a health care facility. Secondary outcomes included the number of ventilator-free days (days that patients were alive and breathing spontaneously) to day 28 and organ-failure-free days to day 14.ResultsThe study was stopped because of futility after 745 of an estimated 1000 patients had been enrolled. There was no significant difference between study groups in 60-day in-hospital mortality (28.5% with rosuvastatin and 24.9% with placebo, P=0.21) or in mean (±SD) ventilator-free days (15.1±10.8 with rosuvastatin and 15.1±11.0 with placebo, P=0.96). The groups were well matched with respect to demographic and key physiological variables. Rosuvastatin therapy, as compared with placebo, was associated with fewer days free of renal failure to day 14 (10.1±5.3 vs. 11.0±4.7, P=0.01) and fewer days free of hepatic failure to day 14 (10.8±5.0 vs. 11.8±4.3, P=0.003). Rosuvastatin was not associated with an increased incidence of serum creatine kinase levels that were more than 10 times the upper limit of the normal range.ConclusionsRosuvastatin therapy did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis-associated ARDS and may have contributed to hepatic and renal organ dysfunction. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Investigator-Sponsored Study Program of AstraZeneca; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00979121.).
| S-EPMC4241052 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rationale: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) lacks known causal biomarkers. Plasma concentrations of sRAGE (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products) strongly associate with ARDS risk. However, whether plasma sRAGE contributes causally to ARDS remains unknown.Objectives: Evaluate plasma sRAGE as a causal intermediate in ARDS by Mendelian randomization (MR), a statistical method to infer causality using observational data.Methods: We measured early plasma sRAGE in two critically ill populations with sepsis. The cohorts were whole-genome genotyped and phenotyped for ARDS. To select validated genetic instruments for MR, we regressed plasma sRAGE on genome-wide genotypes in both cohorts. The causal effect of plasma sRAGE on ARDS was inferred using the top variants with significant associations in both populations (P < 0.01, R2 > 0.02). We applied the inverse variance-weighted method to obtain consistent estimates of the causal effect of plasma sRAGE on ARDS risk.Measurements and Main Results: There were 393 European and 266 African ancestry patients in the first cohort and 843 European ancestry patients in the second cohort. Plasma sRAGE was strongly associated with ARDS risk in both populations (odds ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval [1.54-2.25]; 2.56 [2.14-3.06] per log increase). Using genetic instruments common to both populations, plasma sRAGE had a consistent causal effect on ARDS risk with a β estimate of 0.50 (95% confidence interval [0.09-0.91] per log increase).Conclusions: Plasma sRAGE is genetically regulated during sepsis, and MR analysis indicates that increased plasma sRAGE leads to increased ARDS risk, suggesting plasma sRAGE acts as a causal intermediate in sepsis-related ARDS.
| S-EPMC6938154 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) are major problems of public health in intensive care units (ICUs), occurring in 15% of critically ill patients. Among the factors explaining ARDS development, sepsis is known as a frequent cause. Sepsis, ARDS, and HAP increase morbidity, mortality, length of stay in the ICU, and the overall costs of healthcare. The major challenge remains to identify accurately among critically ill patients those at risk of poor outcomes who could benefit from novel therapies. Endocan is released by the pulmonary endothelium in response to local or systemic injury. It inhibits mainly leukocyte diapedesis rather than leukocyte rolling or adhesion to the endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. Endocan was evaluated in 25 clinical reports, including 2454 critically ill patients and 452 healthy controls. The diagnostic value of endocan for sepsis or sepsis severity was equal to procalcitonin but its prognostic value was better. A predictive value for postoperative pneumonia was evidenced in two studies, and a predictive value for ARDS in four studies from three independent centers. This review presents an overview of the structure, expression, and functions of endocan. We also hereby summarize the potential applications of endocan in the prediction and prognosis of ARDS and HAP, as well as in the prognosis of sepsis.
| S-EPMC6204032 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Severe sepsis or septic shock is characterized by an excessive inflammatory response to infectious pathogens. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating complication of severe sepsis, from which patients have high mortality. Advances in treatment modalities including lung protective ventilation, prone positioning, use of neuromuscular blockade, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, have improved the outcome over recent decades, nevertheless, the mortality rate still remains high. Timely treatment of underlying sepsis and early identification of patients at risk of ARDS can help to decrease its development. In addition, further studies are needed regarding pathogenesis and novel therapies in order to show promising future treatments of sepsis-induced ARDS.
| S-EPMC4823184 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an unresolved challenge in the field of respiratory and critical care, and the changes in the lung microbiome during the development of ARDS and their clinical diagnostic value remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of the lung microbiome in disease progression in patients with sepsis-induced ARDS and potential therapeutic targets. Methods: Patients with ARDS were divided into two groups according to the initial site of infection, intrapulmonary infection (ARDSp, 111 cases) and extrapulmonary infection (ARDSexp, 45 cases), and a total of 28 patients with mild pulmonary infections were enrolled as the control group. In this study, we sequenced the DNA in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from patients using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to analyze the changes in the lung microbiome in patients with different infectious site and prognosis and before and after antibiotic treatment. Results: The Shannon–Wiener index indicated a statistically significant reduction in microbial diversity in the ARDSp group compared with the ARDSexp and control groups. The ARDSp group was characterized by a reduction in microbiome diversity, mainly in the normal microbes of the lung, whereas the ARDSexp group was characterized by an increase in microbiome diversity, mainly in conditionally pathogenic bacteria and intestinal microbes. Further analysis showed that an increase in Bilophila is a potential risk factor for death in ARDSexp. An increase in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, enteric microbes, or conditional pathogens may be risk factors for death in ARDSp. In contrast, Hydrobacter may be a protective factor in ARDSp. Conclusion: Different initial sites of infection and prognoses are likely to affect the composition and diversity of the pulmonary microbiome in patients with septic ARDS. This study provides insights into disease development and exploration of potential therapeutic targets.
| S-EPMC9262094 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Assess the respiratory-related parameters associated with subsequent severe acute kidney injury in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods:Retrospective cohort, analyzing a large public database-Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care-III. Adult patients with at least 48 h of mechanical ventilation (MV), under volume controlled ventilation and an oxygenation index less than 300 mmHg were included. Results:A total of 1,142 patients had complete data and were included in the final analyses. According to a causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) that included respiratory system compliance (Crs), tidal volume (Vt), driving pressure (?P), plateau pressure (PPlat), PEEP, PaO2 and PaCO2 as possible exposures related to severe AKI, only Crs and PEEP levels had significant causal association with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84-0.94 for each 5-mL/cmH2O reduction in Crs; OR, 1.05 95% CI: 1.03-1.10 for each 1-cmH2O increase of PEEP). Using mediation analysis, we examined whether any mechanical ventilation, blood gas or hemodynamic parameters could explain the effects of Csr on AKI. Only PEEP mediated the significant but small effect (less than 5%) of Csr on severe AKI. The effects of PEEP, in turn, were not mediated by any other evaluated parameter. Several sensitivity analyses with (I) need of renal replacement therapy (RRT) as an alternative outcome and (II) only patients with Vt <8 mL/kg, confirmed our main findings. In trying to validate our DAG assumptions, we confirmed that only ?P was associated with mortality but not with severe AKI. Conclusions:Crs and PEEP are the only respiratory-related variables with a direct causal association in severe AKI. No mechanical ventilator or blood gas parameter mediated the effects of Crs. Approaches reducing Vt and/or ?P in ARDS can have limited effect on renal protection.
| S-EPMC6990003 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Both sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) rely on imprecise clinical definitions leading to heterogeneity, which has contributed to negative trials. Because circulating protein/DNA complexes have been implicated in sepsis and ARDS, we aimed to develop a proteomic signature of DNA-bound proteins to discriminate between children with sepsis with and without ARDS. We performed a prospective case-control study in 12 children with sepsis with ARDS matched to 12 children with sepsis without ARDS on age, severity of illness score, and source of infection. We performed co-immunoprecipitation and downstream proteomics in plasma collected ≤ 24 h of intensive care unit admission. Expression profiles were generated, and a random forest classifier was used on differentially expressed proteins to develop a signature which discriminated ARDS. The classifier was tested in six independent blinded samples. Neutrophil and nucleosome proteins were over-represented in ARDS, including two S100A proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and three histones. Random forest produced a 10-protein signature that accurately discriminated between children with sepsis with and without ARDS. This classifier perfectly assigned six independent blinded samples as having ARDS or not. We validated higher expression of the most informative discriminating protein, galectin-3-binding protein, in children with ARDS. Our methodology has applicability to isolation of DNA-bound proteins from plasma. Our results support the premise of a molecular definition of ARDS, and give preliminary insight into why some children with sepsis, but not others, develop ARDS.
2024-02-14 | PXD049377 | Pride
Project description:ObjectivesAcute respiratory distress syndrome occurring in the setting of direct versus indirect lung injury may reflect different pathobiologies amenable to different treatment strategies. We sought to test whether a panel of plasma biomarkers differed between children with sepsis-associated direct versus indirect acute respiratory distress syndrome. We hypothesized that a biomarker profile indicative of endothelial activation would be associated with indirect acute respiratory distress syndrome.DesignObservational cohort.SettingAcademic PICU.SubjectsPatients less than 18 years old with sepsis-associated direct (pneumonia, n = 52) or indirect (extrapulmonary sepsis, n = 46) acute respiratory distress syndrome.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsOf 58 biomarkers examined, 33 differed by acute respiratory distress syndrome subtype. We used classification and regression tree methodology to examine associations between clinical and biochemical markers and acute respiratory distress syndrome subtype. The classification and regression tree model using only clinical variables (age, sex, race, oncologic comorbidity, and Pediatric Risk of Mortality-III score) performed worse than the classification and regression tree model using five clinical variables and 58 biomarkers. The best classification and regression tree model used only four endothelial biomarkers, including elevated angiopoietin-2/angiopoietin-1 ratio, vascular cell-adhesion molecule, and von Willebrand factor, to identify indirect acute respiratory distress syndrome. Test characteristics were 89% (80-97%) sensitivity, 80% (69-92%) specificity, positive predictive value 84% (74-93%), and negative predictive value 86% (76-96%).ConclusionsIndirect lung injury in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by a biomarker profile indicative of endothelial activation, excess inflammation, and worse outcomes. A model using four biomarkers has the potential to be useful for more precisely identifying patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome whose pathobiology may respond to endothelial-targeted therapies in future trials.
| S-EPMC7721219 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sepsis and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) each cause substantial morbidity and mortality. In contrast to other lung diseases, the entire course of disease in these syndromes is measured in days to weeks rather than months to years, which raises unique challenges in achieving precision medicine. We review advances in sepsis and ARDS resulting from omics studies, including those involving genome-wide association, gene expression, targeted proteomics, and metabolomics approaches. We focus on promising evidence of biological subtypes in both sepsis and ARDS that consistently display high risk for death. In sepsis, a gene expression signature with dysregulated adaptive immune signaling has evidence for a differential response to systemic steroid therapy, whereas in ARDS, a hyperinflammatory pattern identified in plasma using targeted proteomics responded more favorably to randomized interventions including high positive end-expiratory pressure, volume conservative fluid therapy, and simvastatin therapy. These early examples suggest heterogeneous biology that may be challenging to detect by clinical factors alone and speak to the promise of a precision approach that targets the right treatment at the right time to the right patient.
| S-EPMC7120471 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsThe novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused great distress worldwide. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is well familiar but when it happens as part of COVID-19 it has discrete features which are unmanageable. Numerous pharmacological treatments have been evaluated in clinical trials to control the clinical effects of CARDS, but there is no assurance of their effectiveness.Materials and methodsA systematic review of the literature of the Medline, Scopus, Bentham, PubMed, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was examined to understand the novel therapeutic approaches used in COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and their outcomes.Key findingsCurrent therapeutic options may not be enough to manage COVID-19-associated ARDS complications in group of patients and therefore, the current review has discussed the pathophysiological mechanism of COVID-19-associated ARDS, potential pharmacological treatment and the emerging molecular drug targets.SignificanceThe rationale of this review is to talk about the pathophysiology of CARDS, potential pharmacological treatment and the emerging molecular drug targets. Currently accessible treatment focuses on modulating immune responses, rendering antiviral effects, anti-thrombosis or anti-coagulant effects. It is expected that considerable number of studies conducting globally may help to discover effective therapies to decrease mortality and morbidity occurring due to CARDS. Attention should be also given on molecular drug targets that possibly will help to develop efficient cure for COVID-19-associated ARDS.
| S-EPMC8563344 | biostudies-literature