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Temporal association of neuropsychological test performance using unsupervised learning reveals a distinct signature of Alzheimer's disease status.

ABSTRACT: Introduction:Subtle cognitive alterations that precede clinical evidence of cognitive impairment may help predict the progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuropsychological (NP) testing is an attractive modality for screening early evidence of AD. Methods:Longitudinal NP and demographic data from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS; N = 1696) and the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC; N = 689) were analyzed using an unsupervised machine learning framework. Features, including age, logical memory-immediate and delayed recall, visual reproduction-immediate and delayed recall, the Boston naming tests, and Trails B, were identified using feature selection, and processed further to predict the risk of development of AD. Results:Our model yielded 83.07 ± 3.52% accuracy in FHS and 87.57 ± 1.19% accuracy in NACC, 80.52 ± 3.93%, 86.74 ± 1.63% sensitivity in FHS and NACC respectively, and 85.63 ± 4.71%, 88.41 ± 1.38% specificity in FHS and NACC, respectively. Discussion:Our results suggest that a subset of NP tests, when analyzed using unsupervised machine learning, may help distinguish between high- and low-risk individuals in the context of subsequent development of AD within 5 years. This approach could be a viable option for early AD screening in clinical practice and clinical trials.

SUBMITTER: Joshi PS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6944730 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Temporal association of neuropsychological test performance using unsupervised learning reveals a distinct signature of Alzheimer's disease status.

Joshi Prajakta S PS Heydari Megan M Kannan Shruti S Alvin Ang Ting Fang TF Qin Qiuyuan Q Liu Xue X Mez Jesse J Devine Sherral S Au Rhoda R Kolachalama Vijaya B VB

Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) 20191228

<h4>Introduction</h4>Subtle cognitive alterations that precede clinical evidence of cognitive impairment may help predict the progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuropsychological (NP) testing is an attractive modality for screening early evidence of AD.<h4>Methods</h4>Longitudinal NP and demographic data from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS; N = 1696) and the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC; N = 689) were analyzed using an unsupervised machine learning framework. Features, ...[more]

PMID: 31921970

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is a computerized tool used to measure cognitive function in diverse populations and is sensitive for assessing developmental changes in children. Although CANTAB has been used in several countries, its applicability in a Mexican child population is unknown. This study examined developmental trends on CANTAB in a large sample of urban Mexico City youth and tested the hypothesis that their performance would be similar to a large US normative sample. METHOD:As part of a birth cohort, Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants, 826 children, ages 5-15 years, completed CANTAB. Subtests measured planning (Stockings of Cambridge; SOC), short-term memory (Delayed Matching to Sample; DMS), sustained attention (Rapid Visual Information Processing; RVP), ability to match visual stimuli (Match to Sample Visual Search; MTS), flexibility (Intra-extra Dimensional Set Shift; IED), and response inhibition (Stop Signal Task; SST). Determinants of performance on the CANTAB, including age, maternal/child IQ, and sex, were analyzed using Spearman correlation and Welch t tests. Equivalence testing compared performance with existing norms. RESULTS:Performance improved with age on all measures. Child IQ was mildly associated with measures of memory and attention but not executive functioning, consistent with US norms. Maternal IQ was not associated with any outcomes, and males performed better on IED. Mexican norms were comparable to US norms on almost all outcomes, with the exception of a short-term visual recognition memory task (DMS). CONCLUSIONS:This study provides the largest normative data for CANTAB performance in a community sample of Mexican youth. Findings demonstrate the expected maturational effects of executive function, specifically in cognitive shifting and inhibition. Levels of executive function performance demonstrated by a Mexican sample were consistent with normative values reported in US youth. These findings, as well as expected associations with child IQ, indicate high applicability of CANTAB for Mexican youth in neurobehavioral studies.

Dataset Information

Temporal association of neuropsychological test performance using unsupervised learning reveals a distinct signature of Alzheimer's disease status.

Publications

Temporal association of neuropsychological test performance using unsupervised learning reveals a distinct signature of Alzheimer's disease status.

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