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Effects of carbohydrate supplementation on aerobic exercise performance during acute high altitude exposure and after 22?days of acclimatization and energy deficit.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The ergogenic effects of supplemental carbohydrate on aerobic exercise performance at high altitude (HA) may be modulated by acclimatization status. Longitudinal evaluation of potential performance benefits of carbohydrate supplementation in the same volunteers before and after acclimatization to HA have not been reported. PURPOSE:This study examined how consuming carbohydrate affected 2-mile time trial performance in lowlanders at HA (4300?m) before and after acclimatization. METHODS:Fourteen unacclimatized men performed 80?min of metabolically-matched (~?1.7?L/min) treadmill walking at sea level (SL), after ~?5?h of acute HA exposure, and after 22?days of HA acclimatization and concomitant 40% energy deficit (chronic HA). Before, and every 20?min during walking, participants consumed either carbohydrate (CHO, n?=?8; 65.25?g fructose +?79.75?g glucose, 1.8?g carbohydrate/min) or flavor-matched placebo (PLA, n?=?6) beverages. A self-paced 2-mile treadmill time trial was performed immediately after completing the 80-min walk. RESULTS:There were no differences (P?>?0.05) in time trial duration between CHO and PLA at SL, acute HA, or chronic HA. Time trial duration was longer (P?

SUBMITTER: Bradbury KE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6953153 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of carbohydrate supplementation on aerobic exercise performance during acute high altitude exposure and after 22 days of acclimatization and energy deficit.

Bradbury Karleigh E KE Berryman Claire E CE Wilson Marques A MA Luippold Adam J AJ Kenefick Robert W RW Young Andrew J AJ Pasiakos Stefan M SM

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 20200109 1

<h4>Background</h4>The ergogenic effects of supplemental carbohydrate on aerobic exercise performance at high altitude (HA) may be modulated by acclimatization status. Longitudinal evaluation of potential performance benefits of carbohydrate supplementation in the same volunteers before and after acclimatization to HA have not been reported.<h4>Purpose</h4>This study examined how consuming carbohydrate affected 2-mile time trial performance in lowlanders at HA (4300 m) before and after acclimati ...[more]

PMID: 31918720

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Project description:We aimed to investigate the human skeletal muscle (SkM) DNA methylome after exercise in low carbohydrate (CHO) energy balance (with high fat) compared with exercise in low-CHO energy deficit (with low fat) conditions. The objective to identify novel epigenetically regulated genes and pathways associated with ‘train-low sleep-low’ paradigms. The sleep-low conditions included 9 males that cycled to deplete muscle glycogen while reaching a set energy expenditure. Post-exercise, low-CHO meals (protein-matched) completely replaced (using high-fat) or only partially replaced (low-fat) the energy expended. The following morning resting baseline biopsies were taken and the participants then undertook 75 minutes of cycling exercise, with skeletal muscle biopsies collected 30 minutes and 3.5 hours post exercise. Discovery of genome-wide DNA methylation was undertaken using Illumina EPIC arrays and targeted gene expression analysis was conducted by RT-qPCR. At baseline participants under energy balance (high fat) demonstrated a predominantly hypermethylated (60%) profile across the genome compared to energy deficit-low fat conditions. However, post exercise performed in energy balance (with high fat) elicited a more prominent hypomethylation signature 30 minutes post-exercise in gene regulatory regions important for transcription (CpG islands within promoter regions) compared with exercise in energy deficit (with low fat) conditions. Such hypomethylation was enriched within pathways related to: IL6-JAK-STAT signalling, metabolic processes, p53 / cell cycle and oxidative / fatty acid metabolism. Hypomethylation within the promoter regions of genes: HDAC2, MECR, IGF2 and c13orf16 were associated with significant increases in gene expression in the post-exercise period in energy balance compared with energy deficit. Furthermore, histone deacetylase, HDAC11 was oppositely regulated at the gene expression level compared with HDAC2, where HDAC11 was hypomethylated yet increased in energy deficit compared with energy balance conditions. Overall, we identify some novel epigenetically regulated genes associated with train-low sleep-low paradigms.

Project description:High altitude acclimatization and disease have been the centerpiece of investigations concerning human health at high altitude. Almost all investigations have focused on either understanding and ameliorating high altitude disease or finding better methods of acclimatization/training at high altitude. The aspect of altitude de-induction/de-acclimatization has remained clouded despite the fact that it was documented since the first decade of twentieth century. A few recent studies, particularly in China, have stated unanimously that high altitude de-acclimatization involved multiple observable clinical symptoms ranging from headache to abdominal distention. These symptoms have been collectively referred to as "high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome" (HADAS). However, computational omics and network biology centric investigations concerning HADAS are nascent. In this study, we focus on the quantitative proteo-informatics, especially network biology, of human plasma proteome in individuals who successfully descended from high altitude areas after a stay of 120 days. In brief, the protein list was uploaded into STRING and IPA to compute z-score based cut-offs which were used to analyze the directionality and significance of various identified protein networks as well as the proteins within them. Relevant upstream regulators extracted using computational strategies were also validated. Time-points till the 180th day of de-induction have been investigated to comparatively assess the changes in the plasma proteome and protein pathways of such individuals since the 7th day of arrival at altitude. Our investigation revealed extensive effects of de-induction on lipid metabolism, inflammation and innate immune system as well as coagulation system. This novel study provides a conceptual framework for formulating therapeutic strategies to ease the symptoms of HADAS during de-acclimatization. Such strategies should focus on normalization of lipid metabolism, inflammatory signaling and coagulation systems.

Dataset Information

Effects of carbohydrate supplementation on aerobic exercise performance during acute high altitude exposure and after 22?days of acclimatization and energy deficit.

Publications

Effects of carbohydrate supplementation on aerobic exercise performance during acute high altitude exposure and after 22 days of acclimatization and energy deficit.

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