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NORE1A tumor suppressor candidate modulates p21CIP1 via p53.

ABSTRACT: NORE1A (RASSF5) is a proapoptotic Ras effector that is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation in human tumors. It is structurally related to the RASSF1A tumor suppressor and is itself implicated as a tumor suppressor. In the presence of activated Ras, NORE1A is a potent inducer of apoptosis. However, when expressed at lower levels in the absence of activated Ras, NORE1A seems to promote cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis. The mechanisms underlying NORE1A action are poorly understood. We have used microarray analysis of an inducible NORE1A system to screen for physiologic signaling targets of NORE1A action. Using this approach, we have identified several potential signaling pathways modulated by NORE1A. In particular, we identify the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(CIP1) as a target for NORE1A activation and show that it is a vital component of NORE1A-mediated growth inhibition. In primary human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), loss of NORE1A expression is frequent and correlates tightly with loss of p21(CIP1) expression. NORE1A down-regulation in HCC also correlates with poor prognosis, enhanced proliferation, survival, and angiogenic tumor characteristics. Experimental inactivation of NORE1A results in the loss of p21(CIP1) expression and promotes proliferation. The best characterized activator of p21(CIP1) is the p53 master tumor suppressor. Further experiments showed that NORE1A activates p21(CIP1) via promoting p53 nuclear localization. Thus, we define the molecular basis of NORE1A-mediated growth inhibition and implicate NORE1A as a potential component of the ill-defined connection between Ras and p53.

SUBMITTER: Calvisi DF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6957251 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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NORE1A tumor suppressor candidate modulates p21CIP1 via p53.

Calvisi Diego F DF Donninger Howard H Vos Michele D MD Birrer Michael J MJ Gordon Laura L Leaner Virna V Clark Geoffrey J GJ

Cancer research 20090512 11

NORE1A (RASSF5) is a proapoptotic Ras effector that is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation in human tumors. It is structurally related to the RASSF1A tumor suppressor and is itself implicated as a tumor suppressor. In the presence of activated Ras, NORE1A is a potent inducer of apoptosis. However, when expressed at lower levels in the absence of activated Ras, NORE1A seems to promote cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis. The mechanisms underlying NORE1A action are poorly understood ...[more]

PMID: 19435914

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Project description:Simple Summary The loss of function of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor is common in breast cancer, but experimentally, the BRCA1 inactivation promotes cell senescence. The overstimulation of RAS signaling via Her2 upregulation is also common in breast cancer, yet it can also lead to senescence. A significant percent of primary breast tumors exhibit both defects. So how do they overcome the senescence response to become successful tumors? Here we show that the RAS senescence effector NORE1A can complex with BRCA1 and that loss of NORE1A abrogates the senescence-inducing effects of Her2 and BRCA1 dysregulation. Database analysis shows that NORE1A loss of expression is common in primary breast tumors and correlates with BRCA1 loss in Her2+ but not Her2− cases. Abstract BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor with a complex mode of action. Hereditary mutations in BRCA1 predispose carriers to breast cancer, and spontaneous breast cancers often exhibit defects in BRCA1 expression. However, haploinsufficiency or suppression of BRCA1 expression leads to defects in DNA repair, which can induce DNA damage responses, leading to senescence. Activating mutation or overexpression of the Her2 oncoprotein are also frequent drivers of breast cancer. Yet, over-activation of Her2, working through the RAS oncoprotein, can also induce senescence. It is thought that additional defects in the p53 and Rb tumor suppressor machinery must occur in such tumors to allow an escape from senescence, thus permitting tumor development. Although BRCA1 mutant breast cancers are usually Her2 negative, a significant percentage of Her2 positive tumors also lose their expression of BRCA1. Such Her2+/BRCA1− tumors might be expected to have a particularly high senescence barrier to overcome. An important RAS senescence effector is the protein NORE1A, which can modulate both p53 and Rb. It is an essential senescence effector of the RAS oncoprotein, and it is often downregulated in breast tumors by promotor methylation. Here we show that NORE1A forms a Her2/RAS regulated, endogenous complex with BRCA1 at sites of replication fork arrest. Suppression of NORE1A blocks senescence induction caused by BRCA1 inactivation and Her2 activation. Thus, NORE1A forms a tumor suppressor complex with BRCA1. Its frequent epigenetic inactivation may facilitate the transformation of Her2+/BRCA1− mediated breast cancer by suppressing senescence.

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NORE1A tumor suppressor candidate modulates p21CIP1 via p53.

Publications

NORE1A tumor suppressor candidate modulates p21CIP1 via p53.

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