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A highway crash risk assessment method based on traffic safety state division.

ABSTRACT: In order to quantitatively analyze the influence of different traffic conditions on highway crash risk, a method of crash risk assessment based on traffic safety state division is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the highway crash data and corresponding traffic data of upstream and downstream are extracted and processed by using the matched case-control method to exclude the influence of other factors on the model. Secondly, considering the weight of traffic volume, speed and occupancy, a multi-parameter fusion cluster method is applied to divide traffic safety state. In addition, the quantitative relationship between different traffic states and highway crash risk is analyzed by using Bayesian conditional logistic regression model. Finally, the results of case study show that different traffic safety conditions are in different crash risk levels. The highway traffic management department can improve the safety risk management level by focusing on the prevention and control of high-risk traffic safety conditions.

SUBMITTER: Sun D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6959613 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A highway crash risk assessment method based on traffic safety state division.

Sun Dongye D Ai Yunfei Y Sun Yunhua Y Zhao Liping L

PloS one 20200114 1

In order to quantitatively analyze the influence of different traffic conditions on highway crash risk, a method of crash risk assessment based on traffic safety state division is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the highway crash data and corresponding traffic data of upstream and downstream are extracted and processed by using the matched case-control method to exclude the influence of other factors on the model. Secondly, considering the weight of traffic volume, speed and occupancy, a multi- ...[more]

PMID: 31935238

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Project description:BackgroundRoad traffic injuries are a significant and increasing public health burden in Nepal, but there is no national coverage of regulated and standardized emergency medical service systems. Therefore, this study was designed to develop a first responder trauma training program for the Nepal traffic police and to evaluate the feasibility of its delivery and follow up.MethodsA training needs assessment with traffic-police officers in a single district of Nepal informed the development of a 3-day first-response course which was provided to officers in May 2019. Participants were supplied with a trauma-pack and asked to complete a report form when first-responder skills were used. Knowledge and confidence face-to-face surveys were used before and after training to assess learning, and were repeated at 6 months to assess retention of knowledge. The surveys at 6 months assessed the factors affecting application of first response skills.ResultsMost (97%) participants believed giving first-aid was part of their responsibilities and 95% had experience of transporting road crash victims to hospital with a range of injuries. Low levels of first-aid training and variable course content were reported. Knowledge and confidence scores improved post-intervention but were reduced at 6-months. During attendance at 303 road crashes in the 6-months follow-up period, 44% of the participants self-reported using at least one skill from the course; applying them on 92 occasions. Incident report-forms were frequently not completed. Barriers to providing treatment included: the patient already en-route to hospital when police arrived at scene; resistance to providing care from relatives or bystanders; and competing police duties (e.g., traffic management).ConclusionsDelivering a first-response training program for traffic-police in Nepal is feasible. Knowledge was retained and used, and skills were in frequent demand. A study of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness appears warranted to determine if extending the training to other districts can improve outcomes in road traffic injury patients in the absence of formal emergency medical services.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Law enforcement traffic stops are one of the most common entryways to the US justice system. Conventional frameworks suggest traffic stops promote public safety by reducing dangerous driving practices and non-vehicular crime. Law enforcement agencies have wide latitude in enforcement, including prioritization of stop types: (1) safety (e.g. moving violation) stops, (2) investigatory stops, or (3) economic (regulatory and equipment) stops. In order to prevent traffic crash fatalities and reduce racial disparities, the police department of Fayetteville, North Carolina significantly re-prioritized safety stops. METHODS:Annual traffic stop, motor vehicle crash, and crime data from 2002 to 2016 were combined to examine intervention (2013-2016) effects. Fayetteville was compared against synthetic control agencies built from 8 similar North Carolina agencies by weighted matching on pre-intervention period trends and comparison against post-intervention trends. RESULTS:On average over the intervention period as compared to synthetic controls, Fayetteville increased both the number of safety stops +?121% (95% confidence interval?+?17%, +?318%) and the relative proportion of safety stops (+?47%). Traffic crash and injury outcomes were reduced, including traffic fatalities -?28% (-?64%, +?43%), injurious crashes -?23% (-?49%, +?16%), and total crashes -?13% (-?48%, +?21%). Disparity measures were reduced, including Black percent of traffic stops -?7% (-?9%, -?5%) and Black vs. White traffic stop rate ratio?-?21% (-?29%, -?13%). In contrast to the Ferguson Effect hypothesis, the relative de-prioritization of investigatory stops was not associated with an increase in non-traffic crime outcomes, which were reduced or unchanged, including index crimes -?10% (-?25%, +?8%) and violent crimes -?2% (-?33%, +?43%). Confidence intervals were estimated using a different technique and, given small samples, may be asymmetrical. CONCLUSIONS:The re-prioritization of traffic stop types by law enforcement agencies may have positive public health consequences both for motor vehicle injury and racial disparity outcomes while having little impact on non-traffic crime.

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A highway crash risk assessment method based on traffic safety state division.

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A highway crash risk assessment method based on traffic safety state division.

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