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Consequences Of Long-Term Bacteria's Exposure To Silver Nanoformulations With Different PhysicoChemical Properties.

ABSTRACT: Purpose:Resistance to antibiotics is a major problem of public health. One of the alternative therapies is silver - more and more popular because of nanotechnology development and new possibilities of usage. As a component of colloid, powder, cream, bandages, etc., nanosilver is often recommended to treat the multidrug-resistant pathogens and we can observe its overuse also outside of the clinic where different physicochemical forms of silver nanoformulations (e.g. size, shape, compounds, surface area) are introduced. In this research, we described the consequences of long-term bacteria exposure to silver nanoformulations with different physicochemical properties, including changes in genome and changes of bacterial sensitivity to silver nanoformulations and/or antibiotics. Moreover, the prevalence of exogenous resistance to silver among multidrug-resistant bacteria was determined. Materials and Methods:Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria strains are described as sensitive and multidrug-resistant strains. The sensitivity of the tested bacterial strains to antibiotics was carried out with disc diffusion methods. The sensitivity of bacteria to silver nanoformulations and development of bacterial resistance to silver nanoformulations has been verified via determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations. The presence of sil genes was verified via PCR reaction and DNA electrophoresis. The genomic and phenotypic changes have been verified via genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Results:Bacteria after long-term exposure to silver nanoformulations may change their sensitivity to silver forms and/or antibiotics, depending on the physicochemical properties of silver nanoformulations, resulting from phenotypic or genetic changes in the bacterial cell. Finally, adaptants and mutants may become more sensitive or resistant to some antibiotics than wild types. Conclusion:Application of silver nanoformulations in the case of multiple resistance or multidrug-resistant bacterial infection can enhance or decrease their resistance to antibiotics. The usage of nanosilver in a clinic and outside of the clinic should be determined and should be under strong control. Moreover, each silver nanomaterial should be considered as a separate agent with a potential different mode of antibacterial action.

SUBMITTER: Kedziora A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6970275 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Consequences Of Long-Term Bacteria's Exposure To Silver Nanoformulations With Different PhysicoChemical Properties.

Kędziora Anna A Wernecki Maciej M Korzekwa Kamila K Speruda Mateusz M Gerasymchuk Yuriy Y Łukowiak Anna A Bugla-Płoskońska Gabriela G

International journal of nanomedicine 20200114

<h4>Purpose</h4>Resistance to antibiotics is a major problem of public health. One of the alternative therapies is silver - more and more popular because of nanotechnology development and new possibilities of usage. As a component of colloid, powder, cream, bandages, etc., nanosilver is often recommended to treat the multidrug-resistant pathogens and we can observe its overuse also outside of the clinic where different physicochemical forms of silver nanoformulations (e.g. size, shape, compounds ...[more]

PMID: 32021174

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Project description:the main purpose of this work was to compare the genetic and phenotypic changes of E. coli treated with silver nanoformulations (E. coli BW25113 wt, E. coli BW25113 AgR, E. coli J53, E. coli ATCC 11229 wt, E. coli ATCC 11229 var. S2 and E. coli ATCC 11229 var. S7). Silver, as the metal with promising antibacterial properties, is currently widely used in medicine and the biomedical industry, in both ionic and nanoparticles forms. Silver nanoformulations are usually considered as one type of antibacterial agent, but their physical and chemical properties determine the way of interactions with the bacterial cell, the mode of action, and the bacterial cell response to silver. the changes in the bacterial genome, resulting from the treatment of bacteria with various silver nanoformulations, were verified by analyzing of genes (selected with mutfunc) and their conservative and non-conservative mutations selected with BLOSUM62. The phenotype was verified using an outer membrane proteome analysis (OMP isolation, 2-DE electrophoresis, and MS protein identification). the variety of genetic and phenotypic changes in E. coli strains depends on the type of silver used for bacteria treatment. The most changes were identified in E. coli ATCC 11229 treated with silver nanoformulation signed as S2 (E. coli ATCC 11229 var. S2). We pinpointed 39 genes encoding proteins located in the outer membrane, 40 genes of their regulators, and 22 genes related to other outer membrane structures, such as flagellum, fimbria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or exopolysaccharide in this strain. Optical density of OmpC protein in E. coli electropherograms decreased after exposure to silver nanoformulation S7 (noticed in E. coli ATCC 11229 var. S7), and increased after treatment with the other silver nanoformulations (SNF) marked as S2 (noticed in E. coli ATCC 11229 var. S2). Increase of FliC protein optical density was identified in turn after Ag+ treatment (noticed in E.coli AgR). the results show that silver nanoformulations (SNF) exerts a selective pressure on bacteria causing both conservative and non-conservative mutations. The proteomic approach revealed that the levels of some proteins have changed after treatment with appropriate SNF.

Project description:The long-term renal consequences of kidney donation by a living donor are attracting increased appropriate interest. The overall evidence suggests that living kidney donors have survival similar to that of nondonors and that their risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is not increased. Previous studies have included relatively small numbers of donors and a brief follow-up period.We ascertained the vital status and lifetime risk of ESRD in 3698 kidney donors who donated kidneys during the period from 1963 through 2007; from 2003 through 2007, we also measured the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary albumin excretion and assessed the prevalence of hypertension, general health status, and quality of life in 255 donors.The survival of kidney donors was similar to that of controls who were matched for age, sex, and race or ethnic group. ESRD developed in 11 donors, a rate of 180 cases per million persons per year, as compared with a rate of 268 per million per year in the general population. At a mean (+/-SD) of 12.2+/-9.2 years after donation, 85.5% of the subgroup of 255 donors had a GFR of 60 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area or higher, 32.1% had hypertension, and 12.7% had albuminuria. Older age and higher body-mass index, but not a longer time since donation, were associated with both a GFR that was lower than 60 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) and hypertension. A longer time since donation, however, was independently associated with albuminuria. Most donors had quality-of-life scores that were better than population norms, and the prevalence of coexisting conditions was similar to that among controls from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who were matched for age, sex, race or ethnic group, and body-mass index.Survival and the risk of ESRD in carefully screened kidney donors appear to be similar to those in the general population. Most donors who were studied had a preserved GFR, normal albumin excretion, and an excellent quality of life.

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Consequences Of Long-Term Bacteria's Exposure To Silver Nanoformulations With Different PhysicoChemical Properties.

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Consequences Of Long-Term Bacteria's Exposure To Silver Nanoformulations With Different PhysicoChemical Properties.

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