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Personal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Appalachian mining communities.

ABSTRACT: Coal mining activities may increase residential exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but personal PAH exposures have not been studied in mining areas. We used silicone wristbands as passive personal samplers to estimate PAH exposures in coal mining communities in Central Appalachia in the United States. Adults (N?=?101) wore wristbands for one week; 51 resided in communities within approximately three miles of surface mining sites, and 50 resided 10 or more miles from mining sites. Passive indoor polyurethane foam (PUF) sampling was conducted in residents' homes, and a sample of 16 outdoor PUF samples were also collected. Nine PAH congeners were commonly detected in wristbands (mean?±?standard deviation), including phenanthrene (50.2?±?68.7?ng/g), benz[a]anthracene (20.2?±?58.2?ng/g), fluoranthene (19.4?±?24.1?ng/g) and pyrene (15.2?±?18.2?ng/g). Controlling for participant characteristics and season, participants living closer to mining sites had significantly higher levels of phenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, pyrene and ?PAHs in wristbands compared to participants living farther from mining. Indoor air showed no significant group differences except for pyrene, but outdoor air showed significant or marginally significant differences for phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene and ?PAHs. The results suggest that mining community residents face exposure to outdoor mining-related pollutants, and demonstrate that personal silicone wristbands can be deployed as effective passive sampling devices.

SUBMITTER: Hendryx M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6981027 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Personal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Appalachian mining communities.

Hendryx Michael M Wang Shaorui S Romanak Kevin A KA Salamova Amina A Venier Marta M

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 20191031

Coal mining activities may increase residential exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but personal PAH exposures have not been studied in mining areas. We used silicone wristbands as passive personal samplers to estimate PAH exposures in coal mining communities in Central Appalachia in the United States. Adults (N = 101) wore wristbands for one week; 51 resided in communities within approximately three miles of surface mining sites, and 50 resided 10 or more miles from mining site ...[more]

PMID: 31706774

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Project description:BackgroundAging is related to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality and is affected by environmental factors. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with adverse health outcomes; but the association of such exposure with DNA methylation aging, a novel aging marker, is unclear.ObjectivesOur aim was to investigate the association of PAH exposure with methylation aging.MethodsWe trained and validated a methylation age predictor suitable for Chinese populations using whole blood methylation data in 989 Chinese and 160 Caucasians. We defined two aging indicators: δage, as methylation age minus chronological age; and aging rate, the ratio of methylation to chronological age. The association of PAH exposure with aging indicators was evaluated using linear regressions in three panels of healthy Chinese participants (N=539, among the aforementioned 989 Chinese participants) whose exposure levels were assessed by 10 urinary monohydroxy-PAH metabolites.ResultsWe developed a methylation age predictor providing accurate predictions in both Chinese individuals and Caucasian persons (R=0.94-0.96, RMSE=3.8-4.3). Among the 10 urinary metabolites that we measured, 1-hydroxypyrene and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene were associated with methylation aging independently of other OH-PAHs and risk factors; 1-unit increase in 1-hydroxypyrene was associated with a 0.53-y increase in Δage [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18, 0.88; false discovery rate (FDR) FDR=0.004] and 1.17% increase in aging rate (95% CI: 0.36, 1.98; FDR=0.02), whereas for 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, the increase was 0.54-y for Δage (95% CI: 0.17, 0.91; FDR=0.004), and 1.15% for aging rate (95% CI: 0.31, 1.99; FDR=0.02). The association direction was consistent across the three Chinese panels with the association magnitude correlating with the panels' exposure levels; the association was validated by methylation data of purified leukocytes. Several cytosine-phosphoguanines, including those located on FHL2 and ELOVL2, were found associated with both aging indicators and monohydroxy-PAH levels.ConclusionsWe developed a methylation age predictor specific for Chinese populations but also accurate for Caucasian populations. Our findings suggest that exposure to PAHs may be associated with an adverse impact on human aging and epigenetic alterations in Chinese populations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2773.

Dataset Information

Personal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Appalachian mining communities.

Publications

Personal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Appalachian mining communities.

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