Cyclooxygenase-2 Induced the ?-Amyloid Protein Deposition and Neuronal Apoptosis Via Upregulating the Synthesis of Prostaglandin E2 and 15-Deoxy-?12,14-prostaglandin J2.

ABSTRACT: Elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins (PGs) have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Analysis of the underlying mechanisms elucidated a function of sequential PGE2 and PGD2 synthesis in regulating ?-amyloid protein (A?) deposition by modulating tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?)-dependent presenilin (PS)1/2 activity in COX-2 and APP/PS1 crossed mice. Specifically, COX-2 overexpression accelerates the expression of microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), leading to the synthesis of PGE2 and 15-deoxy-?12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) in 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice. Consequently, PGE2 has the ability to increase A? production by enhancing the expression of PS1/2 in a TNF-?-dependent manner, which accelerates the cognitive decline of COX-2/APP/PS1 mice. More interestingly, low concentrations of 15d-PGJ2 treatment facilitate the effects of PGE2 on the deposition of A? via TNF-?-dependent PS1/2 mechanisms. In contrast, high concentrations of 15d-PGJ2 treatment inhibit the deposition of A? via suppressing the expression of TNF-?-dependent PS1/2. In this regard, a high concentration of 15d-PGJ2 appears to be a therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's disease. However, the high 15d-PGJ2 concentration treatment induces neuronal apoptosis via increasing the protein levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and DFF45, which further impairs the learning ability of APP/PS1 mice.

SUBMITTER: Guan PP 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6985346 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature