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Toxin-Triggered Interleukin-1 Receptor Signaling Enables Early-Life Discrimination of Pathogenic versus Commensal Skin Bacteria.


ABSTRACT: The host must develop tolerance to commensal microbes and protective responses to infectious pathogens, yet the mechanisms enabling a privileged relationship with commensals remain largely unknown. Skin colonization by commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis facilitates immune tolerance preferentially in neonates via induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here, we demonstrate that this tolerance is not indiscriminately extended to all bacteria encountered in this early window. Rather, neonatal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus minimally enriches for antigen-specific Tregs and does not prevent skin inflammation upon later-life exposure. S. aureus ?-toxin contributes to this response by stimulating myeloid cell production of IL-1?, which limits S. aureus-specific Tregs. Loss of ?-toxin or the IL-1 receptor increases Treg enrichment, whereas topical application of IL-1? or ?-toxin diminishes tolerogenic responses to S. epidermidis. Thus, the preferential activation of a key alarmin pathway facilitates early discrimination of microbial "foe" from "friend," thereby preventing tolerance to a common skin pathogen.

SUBMITTER: Leech JM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6989301 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Toxin-Triggered Interleukin-1 Receptor Signaling Enables Early-Life Discrimination of Pathogenic versus Commensal Skin Bacteria.

Leech John M JM   Dhariwala Miqdad O MO   Lowe Margaret M MM   Chu Kevin K   Merana Geil R GR   Cornuot Clémence C   Weckel Antonin A   Ma Jessica M JM   Leitner Elizabeth G EG   Gonzalez Jeanmarie R JR   Vasquez Kimberly S KS   Diep Binh An BA   Scharschmidt Tiffany C TC  

Cell host & microbe 20191126 6


The host must develop tolerance to commensal microbes and protective responses to infectious pathogens, yet the mechanisms enabling a privileged relationship with commensals remain largely unknown. Skin colonization by commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis facilitates immune tolerance preferentially in neonates via induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here, we demonstrate that this tolerance is not indiscriminately extended to all bacteria encountered in this early window. Ra  ...[more]

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