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Arthroscopic Harvesting of Autologous Bone Graft for Use as a Mesenchymal Stem Cell Carrier in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

ABSTRACT: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are detrimental to knee stability and normal function. Although the standard of treatment is an ACL reconstruction, technical improvements are sought to enhance clinical outcomes due to the appreciable failure rate. The use of autologous biologic substances as carriers of stem cells are desirable because of their multipotent properties. Traditionally, the collection of autologous bone grafts is through an open incision of the iliac crest, which causes substantial morbidity to the patient. This Technical Note describes an arthroscopic, minimally invasive collection method of autologous tibial and femoral bone graft to use in backfilling the tunnels during an ACL reconstruction to improve graft incorporation and clinical outcomes.

SUBMITTER: van Gogh AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6993187 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Arthroscopic Delivery of Injectable Bone Graft for Staged Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

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Project description:Surgical reconstruction is a general approach for an anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Techniques have evolved from single-bundle to double-bundle reconstruction to restore the 2 anatomically and functionally different bundles as much as possible. However, there is controversy regarding which method yields superior clinical outcomes. The purpose of this article is to introduce our new graft preparation method, which will potentially address the limitations of currently available double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction procedures using the quadriceps tendon. The proximal portion of the graft is preserved in our method, instead of completely being split into 2 distinct graft bundles as previously suggested. We believe that the preserved portion can act as a biofunctional "safety circuit" in case of overloading and also help some synergistic actions of the 2 bundles.

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Project description:Despite the popularity of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction procedures, the ideal graft for reconstruction remains a matter of controversy. The ideal graft for ACL reconstruction should have histologic and biomechanical characteristics similar to those of the native ACL; should be quickly and fully incorporated within the bony tunnels; should maintain its viscoelastic properties for a long time; should have minimal donor-site morbidity; should be of sufficient length and diameter; should have minimal adverse effects on the extensor mechanism; should have no risk of rejection or disease transmission; and should be cost-effective and readily available. Synthetic grafts are not widely accepted because of their dangerous complications. The main sources of grafts for ACL reconstruction are allografts and autografts. Each type of graft has its own relative advantages and disadvantages. Allografts are not available in every country, besides being expensive, and there are many concerns regarding disease transmission. Autografts, particularly bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB), and hamstring tendon grafts have been the standard for ACL reconstruction. The main advantage of autogenous BPTB grafts is the direct bone-to-bone healing in the tunnel, whereas the main disadvantages of such grafts are related to donor-site morbidity, anterior knee pain, and extensor mechanism dysfunction. The popularity of autogenous hamstring tendon grafts for ACL reconstruction is increasing, but there are still concerns regarding the slow soft tissue-to-bone healing, with delayed healing and incorporation of the graft. We describe a technique for ACL reconstruction with autogenous hamstring-bone graft, aiming to produce a type of graft that combines the main advantages of BPTB and hamstring grafts, with avoidance of the main disadvantages of these 2 most commonly used graft types in ACL reconstruction.

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