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In vitro hepatotoxicity of Petasites hybridus extract (Ze 339) depends on the concentration, the cytochrome activity of the cell system, and the species used.

ABSTRACT: Ze 339, a CO2 extract prepared from the leaves of Petasites hybridus, possesses antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effects and is proven to be effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. To study possible hepatotoxic effects of Ze 339, its main constituents and metabolites, a series of in vitro investigations were performed. Furthermore, different reconstituted fractions of extract (petasins and fatty acid fraction) were examined in three in vitro test systems using hepatocytes: Two human cell lines, with lower and higher activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes (HepG2, HepaRG) as well as a rodent cell line with high cytochrome P450 activity (H-4-II-E), were used. Metabolic activity, assessed by the WST-1 assay, was chosen as indicator of cytotoxicity. To assess potential bioactivation of Ze 339 compounds, metabolic experiments using S9 fractions from rats, dogs, and humans and isolated cytochromes (human/rat) were performed, and the formation of reactive metabolites was assessed by measuring cellular concentrations of glutathione and glutathione disulphide. Our data revealed that the cytotoxicity of Ze 339, its single constituents, and main metabolites depends on the concentration, the cytochrome activity of the cell system, and the species used.

SUBMITTER: Forsch K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7004140 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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In vitro hepatotoxicity of Petasites hybridus extract (Ze 339) depends on the concentration, the cytochrome activity of the cell system, and the species used.

Forsch Kristina K Schöning Verena V Assmann Greta Marie GM Moser Christin C Siewert Beate B Butterweck Veronika V Drewe Jürgen J

Phytotherapy research : PTR 20191020 1

Ze 339, a CO<sub>2</sub> extract prepared from the leaves of Petasites hybridus, possesses antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effects and is proven to be effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. To study possible hepatotoxic effects of Ze 339, its main constituents and metabolites, a series of in vitro investigations were performed. Furthermore, different reconstituted fractions of extract (petasins and fatty acid fraction) were examined in three in vitro test systems using hepatocytes: ...[more]

PMID: 31631423

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Project description:Misuse of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA)-containing plants or consumption of PA-contaminated foodstuffs causes numerous poisoning cases in humans yearly, while effective therapeutic strategies are still limited. PA-induced liver injury was initiated by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolic activation and subsequent formation of adducts with cellular proteins. Liquorice, a hepato-protective herbal medicine, is commonly used concurrently with PA-containing herbs in many compound traditional Chinese medicine formulas, and no PA-poisoning cases have been reported with this combination. The present study aimed to investigate hepato-protective effects of liquorice aqueous extract (EX) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA, the primary bioactive constituent of liquorice) against PA-induced hepatotoxicity and the underlying mechanism. Histopathological and biochemical analysis demonstrated that both single- and multiple-treatment of EX (500 mg/kg) or GA (50 mg/kg) significantly attenuated liver damage caused by retrorsine (RTS, a representative hepatotoxic PA). The formation of pyrrole-protein adducts was significantly reduced by single- (30.3% reduction in liver; 50.8% reduction in plasma) and multiple- (32.5% reduction in liver; 56.5% reduction in plasma) treatment of GA in rats. Single- and multiple-treatment of EX also decreased the formation of pyrrole-protein adducts, with 30.2 and 31.1% reduction in rat liver and 51.8 and 53.1% reduction in rat plasma, respectively. In addition, in vitro metabolism assay with rat liver microsomes demonstrated that GA reduced the formation of metabolic activation-derived pyrrole-glutathione conjugate in a dose-dependent manner with the estimated IC50 value of 5.07 µM. Further mechanism study showed that GA inhibited activities of CYPs, especially CYP3A1, the major CYP isoform responsible for the metabolic activation of RTS in rats. Enzymatic kinetic study revealed a competitive inhibition of rat CYP3A1 by GA. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that both EX and GA exhibited significant hepato-protective effects against RTS-induced hepatotoxicity, mainly through the competitive inhibition of CYP-mediated metabolic activation of RTS.

Dataset Information

In vitro hepatotoxicity of Petasites hybridus extract (Ze 339) depends on the concentration, the cytochrome activity of the cell system, and the species used.

Publications

In vitro hepatotoxicity of Petasites hybridus extract (Ze 339) depends on the concentration, the cytochrome activity of the cell system, and the species used.

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