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Ecotopic Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide DmAMP1W Improves Resistance of Transgenic Wheat to Two Diseases: Sharp Eyespot and Common Root Rot.

ABSTRACT: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple crop. Sharp eyespot and common root rot are destructive diseases of wheat. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, we synthesized the DmAMP1W gene, encoding Dahlia merckii DmAMP1, and investigated the antifungal role of DmAMP1W in vitro and in transgenic wheat. Protein electrophoresis analysis and in vitro inhibition results demonstrated that the synthesized DmAMP1W correctly translated to the expected peptide DmAMP1W, and the purified peptide inhibited growths of the fungi Rhizoctonia cerealis and Bipolaris sorokiniana, the pathogenic causes of wheat sharp eyespot and common root rot. DmAMP1W was introduced into a wheat variety Zhoumai18 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The molecular characteristics indicated that DmAMP1W could be heritable and expressed in five transgenic wheat lines in T1-T2 generations. Average sharp eyespot infection types of these five DmAMP1W transgenic wheat lines in T1-T2 generations decreased 0.69-1.54 and 0.40-0.82 compared with non-transformed Zhoumai18, respectively. Average common root rot infection types of these transgenic lines and non-transformed Zhoumai18 were 1.23-1.48 and 2.27, respectively. These results indicated that DmAMP1W-expressing transgenic wheat lines displayed enhanced-resistance to both sharp eyespot and common root rot. This study provides new broad-spectrum antifungal resources for wheat breeding.

SUBMITTER: Su Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7014311 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ecotopic Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide DmAMP1W Improves Resistance of Transgenic Wheat to Two Diseases: Sharp Eyespot and Common Root Rot.

Su Qiang Q Wang Ke K Zhang Zengyan Z

International journal of molecular sciences 20200118 2

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple crop. Sharp eyespot and common root rot are destructive diseases of wheat. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, we synthesized the DmAMP1W gene, encoding Dahlia merckii DmAMP1, and investigated the antifungal role of DmAMP1W in vitro and in transgenic wheat. Protein electrophoresis analysis and in vitro inhibition results demonstrated that the synthesize ...[more]

PMID: 31963767

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Project description:Sharp eyespot, caused mainly by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, limits wheat production worldwide. Here, TaCPK7-D, encoding a subgroup III member of the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK) family, was identified from the sharp eyespot-resistant wheat line CI12633 through comparative transcriptomic analysis. Subsequently, the defence role of TaCPK7-D against R. cerealis infection was studied by the generation and characterization of TaCPK7-D-silenced and TaCPK7-D-overexpressing wheat plants. Rhizoctonia cerealis inoculation induced a higher transcriptional level of TaCPK7-D in the resistant wheat line CI12633 than in the susceptible cultivar Wenmai 6. The expression of TaCPK7-D was significantly induced after exogenous application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (an ethylene biosynthesis precursor). The green fluorescent protein signal distribution assays indicated that TaCPK7-D localizes to the plasma membrane in both onion epidermal cells and wheat protoplasts. Following R. cerealis inoculation, TaCPK7-D-silenced wheat CI12633 plants displayed more severe sharp eyespot symptoms than control CI12633 plants. Four defence-associated genes (β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase 1, defensin and TaPIE1) and an ethylene biosynthesis key gene, ACO2, were significantly suppressed in the TaCPK7-D-silenced wheat plants compared with control plants. Conversely, TaCPK7-D-overexpressing wheat lines showed increased resistance to sharp eyespot compared with untransformed recipient wheat Yangmai 16. Furthermore, the transcriptional levels of these four defence-related genes and ACO2 gene were significantly elevated in TaCPK7-D-overexpressing plants compared with untransformed recipient wheat plants. These results suggest that TaCPK7-D positively regulates the wheat resistance response to R. cerealis infection through the modulation of the expression of these defence-associated genes, and that TaCPK7-D is a candidate to improve sharp eyespot resistance in wheat.

Project description:Rhizoctonia cerealis is the pathogen of wheat sharp eyespot, which occurs throughout temperate wheat-growing regions of the world. In this project, the genomes of viruses from four strains of R. cerealis were analyzed based on Illumina high-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) data. After filtering out reads that mapped to the fungal genome, viral genomes were assembled. In total, 131 virus-like sequences containing complete open reading frames (ORFs), belonging to 117 viruses, were obtained. Based on phylogenetic analysis, some of them were identified as novel members of the families Curvulaviridae, Endornaviridae, Hypoviridae, Mitoviridae, Mymonaviridae, and Phenuiviridae, while others were unclassified viruses. Most of these viruses from R. cerealis were significantly different from the viruses already reported. We propose the establishment of a new family, Rhizoctobunyaviridae, and two new genera, Rhizoctobunyavirus and Iotahypovirus. We further clarified the distribution and coinfection of these viruses in the four strains. Surprisingly, 39 viral genomes of up to 12 genera were found in strain R1084. Strain R0942, containing the fewest viruses, also contained 21 viral genomes belonging to 10 genera. Based on the RNA-Seq data, we estimated the accumulation level of some viruses in host cells and found that the mitoviruses in R. cerealis generally have very high accumulation. In conclusion, in the culturable phytopathogenic fungus R. cerealis, we discovered a considerable diversity of mycoviruses and a series of novel viruses. This study expands our understanding of the mycoviral diversity in R. cerealis and provides a rich resource for the further use of mycoviruses to control wheat sharp eyespot. IMPORTANCE Rhizoctonia cerealis is a binucleate fungus that is widely distributed worldwide and can cause sharp eyespot disease in cereal crops. In this study, 131 virus-like sequences belonging to 117 viruses were obtained based on analysis of high-throughput RNA-Seq data from four strains of R. cerealis. Many of these viruses were novel members of various virus families, while others were unclassified viruses. As a result, a new family named Rhizoctobunyaviridae and two new genera, Rhizoctobunyavirus and Iotahypovirus, were proposed. Moreover, the discovery of multiple viruses coinfecting a single host and the high accumulation levels of mitoviruses have shed light on the complex interactions between different viruses in a single host. In conclusion, a significant diversity of mycoviruses was discovered in the culturable phytopathogenic fungus R. cerealis. This study expands our understanding of mycoviral diversity, and provides a valuable resource for the further utilization of mycoviruses to control wheat diseases.

Dataset Information

Ecotopic Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide DmAMP1W Improves Resistance of Transgenic Wheat to Two Diseases: Sharp Eyespot and Common Root Rot.

Publications

Ecotopic Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide DmAMP1W Improves Resistance of Transgenic Wheat to Two Diseases: Sharp Eyespot and Common Root Rot.

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