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The water lily genome and the early evolution of flowering plants.

ABSTRACT: Water lilies belong to the angiosperm order Nymphaeales. Amborellales, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales together form the so-called ANA-grade of angiosperms, which are extant representatives of lineages that diverged the earliest from the lineage leading to the extant mesangiosperms1-3. Here we report the 409-megabase genome sequence of the blue-petal water lily (Nymphaea colorata). Our phylogenomic analyses support Amborellales and Nymphaeales as successive sister lineages to all other extant angiosperms. The N. colorata genome and 19 other water lily transcriptomes reveal a Nymphaealean whole-genome duplication event, which is shared by Nymphaeaceae and possibly Cabombaceae. Among the genes retained from this whole-genome duplication are homologues of genes that regulate flowering transition and flower development. The broad expression of homologues of floral ABCE genes in N. colorata might support a similarly broadly active ancestral ABCE model of floral organ determination in early angiosperms. Water lilies have evolved attractive floral scents and colours, which are features shared with mesangiosperms, and we identified their putative biosynthetic genes in N. colorata. The chemical compounds and biosynthetic genes behind floral scents suggest that they have evolved in parallel to those in mesangiosperms. Because of its unique phylogenetic position, the N. colorata genome sheds light on the early evolution of angiosperms.

SUBMITTER: Zhang L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7015852 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The water lily genome and the early evolution of flowering plants.

Zhang Liangsheng L Chen Fei F Zhang Xingtan X Li Zhen Z Zhao Yiyong Y Lohaus Rolf R Chang Xiaojun X Dong Wei W Ho Simon Y W SYW Liu Xing X Song Aixia A Chen Junhao J Guo Wenlei W Wang Zhengjia Z Zhuang Yingyu Y Wang Haifeng H Chen Xuequn X Hu Juan J Liu Yanhui Y Qin Yuan Y Wang Kai K Dong Shanshan S Liu Yang Y Zhang Shouzhou S Yu Xianxian X Wu Qian Q Wang Liangsheng L Yan Xueqing X Jiao Yuannian Y Kong Hongzhi H Zhou Xiaofan X Yu Cuiwei C Chen Yuchu Y Li Fan F Wang Jihua J Chen Wei W Chen Xinlu X Jia Qidong Q Zhang Chi C Jiang Yifan Y Zhang Wanbo W Liu Guanhua G Fu Jianyu J Chen Feng F Ma Hong H Van de Peer Yves Y Tang Haibao H

Nature 20191218 7788

Water lilies belong to the angiosperm order Nymphaeales. Amborellales, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales together form the so-called ANA-grade of angiosperms, which are extant representatives of lineages that diverged the earliest from the lineage leading to the extant mesangiosperms<sup>1-3</sup>. Here we report the 409-megabase genome sequence of the blue-petal water lily (Nymphaea colorata). Our phylogenomic analyses support Amborellales and Nymphaeales as successive sister lineages to all oth ...[more]

PMID: 31853069

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Project description:Water lilies (order Nymphaeales) are rich in both economic and cultural values. They grow into aquatic herbs, and are divided into two ecological types: tropical and hardy. Although tropical water lilies have more ornamental and medicinal values compared to the hardy water lily, the study and utilization of tropical water lilies in both landscaping and pharmaceutical use is greatly hindered due to their limited planting area. Tropical water lilies cannot survive the winter in areas beyond 24.3°N latitude. Here, the transgenic pipeline through the pollen-tube pathway was generated for water lily for the first time. To improve cold stress tolerance of tropical water lilies, a gene encoding choline oxidase (CodA) driven by a cold stress-inducible promoter was transformed into a tropical water lily through the pollen-tube transformation. Six independent transgenic lines were tested for survival rate during two winter seasons from 2015 to 2017 in Hangzhou (30.3°N latitude). PCR and southern blot detection revealed that the CodA gene had been integrated into the genome. Reverse transcription PCR showed that CodA gene was induced after cold stress treatment, and further quantitative real-time PCR revealed different expressions among six 4 lines and line 3 had the highest expression. Multiple physiological experiments showed that after cold stress treatment, both the conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels from transgenic plants were significantly lower than those of non-transgenic plants, whereas the content of betaine and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase were higher than those from non-transgenic plants. These results suggest that expression of exogenous CodA gene significantly improved the cold stress tolerance of tropical water lilies through a wide range of physiological alterations. Our results currently expanded a six-latitude cultivating area of the tropical water lilies. These results not only illuminate the bright future for water lily breeding but will also facilitate the functional genomic studies.

Dataset Information

The water lily genome and the early evolution of flowering plants.

Publications

The water lily genome and the early evolution of flowering plants.

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